Host-Pathogen Dynamics in a Metapopulation Context: The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Being Spatial

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Thrall ◽  
Jeremy J. Burdon
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

scholarly journals Sexual conflict drives micro- and macroevolution of sexual dimorphism in immunity

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basabi Bagchi ◽  
Quentin Corbel ◽  
Imroze Khan ◽  
Ellen Payne ◽  
Devshuvam Banerji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Seed Beetles

Abstract Background Sexual dimorphism in immunity is believed to reflect sex differences in reproductive strategies and trade-offs between competing life history demands. Sexual selection can have major effects on mating rates and sex-specific costs of mating and may thereby influence sex differences in immunity as well as associated host–pathogen dynamics. Yet, experimental evidence linking the mating system to evolved sexual dimorphism in immunity are scarce and the direct effects of mating rate on immunity are not well established. Here, we use transcriptomic analyses, experimental evolution and phylogenetic comparative methods to study the association between the mating system and sexual dimorphism in immunity in seed beetles, where mating causes internal injuries in females. Results We demonstrate that female phenoloxidase (PO) activity, involved in wound healing and defence against parasitic infections, is elevated relative to males. This difference is accompanied by concomitant sex differences in the expression of genes in the prophenoloxidase activating cascade. We document substantial phenotypic plasticity in female PO activity in response to mating and show that experimental evolution under enforced monogamy (resulting in low remating rates and reduced sexual conflict relative to natural polygamy) rapidly decreases female (but not male) PO activity. Moreover, monogamous females had evolved increased tolerance to bacterial infection unrelated to mating, implying that female responses to costly mating may trade off with other aspects of immune defence, an hypothesis which broadly accords with the documented sex differences in gene expression. Finally, female (but not male) PO activity shows correlated evolution with the perceived harmfulness of male genitalia across 12 species of seed beetles, suggesting that sexual conflict has a significant influence on sexual dimorphisms in immunity in this group of insects. Conclusions Our study provides insights into the links between sexual conflict and sexual dimorphism in immunity and suggests that selection pressures moulded by mating interactions can lead to a sex-specific mosaic of immune responses with important implications for host–pathogen dynamics in sexually reproducing organisms.

scholarly journals Review: Host-pathogen dynamics of seagrass diseases under future global change

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke K. Sullivan ◽  
Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett ◽  
Sigrid Neuhauser ◽  
Laura L. Govers
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Host-pathogen dynamics through targeted secretome analysis of stimulated macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd M. Khan ◽  
Marijke Koppenol-Raab ◽  
Minna Kuriakose ◽  
Nathan P. Manes ◽  
David R. Goodlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Secretome Analysis ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals The role of pathogen shedding in linking within- and between-host pathogen dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barfield ◽  
Maria E. Orive ◽  
Robert D. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Predators indirectly control vector-borne disease: linking predator–prey and host–pathogen models

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Moore ◽  
Elizabeth T. Borer ◽  
Parviez R. Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Host Population ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Pathogen Persistence ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Stability

Pathogens transmitted by arthropod vectors are common in human populations, agricultural systems and natural communities. Transmission of these vector-borne pathogens depends on the population dynamics of the vector species as well as its interactions with other species within the community. In particular, predation may be sufficient to control pathogen prevalence indirectly via the vector. To examine the indirect effect of predators on vectored-pathogen dynamics, we developed a theoretical model that integrates predator–prey and host–pathogen theory. We used this model to determine whether predation can prevent pathogen persistence or alter the stability of host–pathogen dynamics. We found that, in the absence of predation, pathogen prevalence in the host increases with vector fecundity, whereas predation on the vector causes pathogen prevalence to decline, or even become extinct, with increasing vector fecundity. We also found that predation on a vector may drastically slow the initial spread of a pathogen. The predator can increase host abundance indirectly by reducing or eliminating infection in the host population. These results highlight the importance of studying interactions that, within the greater community, may alter our predictions when studying disease dynamics. From an applied perspective, these results also suggest situations where an introduced predator or the natural enemies of a vector may slow the rate of spread of an emerging vector-borne pathogen.

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