The World Fertility Survey: Policy Implications for Developing Countries

1985 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvor Gille
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
World Fertility Survey ◽  
The World

Managing the Recycling Business in Istanbul

2017 ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Nuray Cakirli ◽  
Aytug Sozuer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Waste Management Policy ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Waste Pickers

The global waste market is estimated at US$410 billion a year and growing, while only 25 per cent of total waste is known as recovered and recycled. Besides, this figure does not include the informal segment in which around 20 million people work as waste pickers in developing countries. Solid waste management policy and recycling practices differ among certain parts of the world to a large extent. Industrialized countries generally have formal and automated waste management systems, whereas developing countries rely on the informal sector. In Istanbul, which is one of the few megacities in the world appear to be at the crossroad of a policy choice. Authorities will either privatize the recycling business for large firms or try to follow more inclusive approach for more than 100,000 waste pickers in the city. Based on the literature, this study will review the formal waste management systems and describe the integration of informal recycling sector in particular world regions that may have policy implications for Istanbul.

Rural–urban differentials in marital fertility in four Muslim populations

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
S. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
World Fertility Survey ◽  
Cumulative Fertility ◽  
The World ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Current Fertility

SummaryThe analysis based on data collected as a part of the World Fertility Survey programme in four Muslim populations—Bangladesh, Java, Jordan and Pakistan—did not show a consistent pattern in rural–urban differentials in marital fertility. While no significant differential in current fertility by place of current residence is noticeable in Bangladesh and Pakistan, urban women in Jordan showed lower fertility than their rural counterparts. Cumulative fertility, when controlled for duration of marriage, was found to be higher in urban than in rural areas of Bangladesh and Pakistan, but no clear pattern emerged in Jordan. In Java, both current and cumulative fertility were higher in urban than in rural areas; urban women who had spent their childhood and were brought up in the urban environment showed, in most instances, higher fertility than the other residence groups.

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