Language Problems in the Rural Development of North India

1957 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Gumperz
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
North India ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Public Mind ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Regional Languages

Most of the discussion regarding the language issue in India so far has revolved about two problems. One of these concerns the spread of Hindi knowledge in those areas or fields of endeavor where other regional languages or English are now used; the other, the enrichment of Hindi vocabulary (or, as is usually stated, the development of the Hindi language), so as to make it possible to use it for dealing with topics related to modern science and technology. The Central Government and several of the state governments have devoted much effort towards the solution of these problems by setting up special departments for the creation of vocabulary lists to deal with new subjects, encouraging attempts to introduce Hindi in universities and legislative bodies, and fostering the growth of societies for the propagation of Hindi learning. These activities have aroused a great deal of controversy, and so much has been written about the pros and cons of the issues involved that the above two problems seem to be the only ones associated with language in the public mind.

scholarly journals Investigating nature within different discursive and ideological contexts: case studies of Chinese and Indian coal capitals

BJHS Themes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIN-HSIEN WU
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indian Coal ◽  
Environmental Campaigns ◽  
Critical Literature

AbstractGiven that purely scientific accounts of ‘environmental performance’ and ‘development’ cannot fully explain the environment and its interactions with people, this paper investigates how nature has been historically and sociopolitically defined in different societies. The analyses and observations presented in this paper are based on a critical literature review and on case studies of two ‘coal capitals’, one in Guizhou in China and the other in Jharkhand in India. The study examines the historical representations of environmental campaigns (particularly from the 1950s to the 1990s) in the two countries, and discusses how historical, sociopolitical and ideological factors have affected conceptualizations of nature and how they are reflected nowadays in people's narratives concerning the environment. The paper concludes that the Chinese pattern of development, as well as of knowledge construction, reflects a greater intention of homogenizing the public with the language of development deployed by the centralized power; meanwhile, the Indian pattern allows a greater space for the representation of conflicts, including people's struggles against the state. The comparative analysis enriches our understanding of people's responses to official perceptions of the environment endorsed by modern science and governance.

Mexico power centralisation will bring heavy criticism

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Capture

Subject Balance of powers in Mexico. Significance Since taking office last year, President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) and his National Renovation Movement (Morena) have taken several measures to make savings in the public sector and to allocate resources to tackling poverty and corruption. Such goals enjoy widespread support, but some of the mechanisms employed to achieve them are concentrating power with the central government. The areas most affected include constitutionally autonomous entities within the administration, other branches of government such as the judiciary, and state governments. Impacts Given the role of poorly paid public servants in state capture, salary cuts may prove counterproductive in fighting corruption. Without a system that impartially investigates, prosecutes and sanctions wrongdoing by public servants, corruption will not abate. Centralisation will strengthen the administration initially but leave it vulnerable in the long term when things do not work as intended.

Defining Dilemmas Down: The Case of 24

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-36
Author(s):  
John M. Parrish ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Public Mind ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Wrong ◽  
Philosophical Account ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

One of the most important concepts in the field of political ethics is the idea of a moral dilemma – understood as a situation in which an agent’s public responsibilities and moral imperatives conflict in such a way that no matter what the agent does she will in some way be committing a moral wrong. In the aftermath of the events of September 11, 2001, the notion of a moral dilemma has undergone a profound reconceptualization in American political discourse, and there has perhaps been no more important cultural forum for that conceptual revision than the quintessential post-9/11 melodrama, FOX Television’s 24. This paper first describes and then critically evaluates America’s new model moral dilemma as portrayed on 24. Focusing specifically on 24’s Season Five (the year the show won the Emmy for Best Dramatic Series), the paper shows how 24’s creators have substituted in the public mind almost a parody of the standard philosophical account of a moral dilemma in place of the traditional notion. Their methods for this conceptual revision have included both an extravagant, even baroque portrayal of the grand dilemmas which confront Jack Bauer and his fellow patriots, on the one hand, and on the other, a subtle de-valuing of the moral stakes in the more pedestrian variety of moral conflicts Bauer and company must overcome in their quest to keep America safe whatever the cost.

Analysis of Habib Husein Ja'far "Jeda Nulis" Podcast as a Medium of Dakwah Against Young Generation on Era 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Bella Munita Sary ◽  
Masayu Fatiyah Nuraziimah ◽  
Nurhasanah Walijah
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
New Media ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons

The rapid development of technology has had a massive impact in the use of new media in various parts of the world. Its goal is to help for  making it easier for people to live their daily lives. One of the new media that has recently become a favorite of the public, especially in Indonesia is a  podcast. In Indonesia, a Youtube podcast channel "Jeda Nulis" owned by Habib Husein Ja'far Al Hadar or Habib Ja'far is a new favorite among young adults. Habib Ja'far not only uses Youtube for its Jeda Nulis podcast, but also Spotify. This study aims to analyze the Jeda Nulis podcast and observes people’s responses to the Islamic da'wah strategy introduced by Habib Ja’far. The method used in this research is a literature review that includes the process of listening to and analyzing podcasts in "Jeda Nulis" YouTube channel as preaching media. The results of this study show that there are pros and cons to this podcast. The pro commentary has liked this podcast because of the way the preaching was delivered by Habib Husein Ja'far as well. On the other hand, there are also people who are uncomfortable with the podcast "Jeda Nulis” in accordance with the content and  many people who feel that they are inferior to him.

Views on the (Serbian Orthodox) Church Calendar as an Element of Cultural Heritage in Serbia

Philotheos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Milesa Stefanović-Banović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The Public ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Calendar Reform ◽  
The Church

The Serbian Orthodox Church is considered by a number of Serbian citizens to be the “guardian” of tradition and cultural heritage. Issues related to church reforms are thus often particularly sensitive, and are perceived by some of the public as a danger to the preservation of cultur­al and religious identity. On the other hand, there are opinions in favor of reforms. In this context, the issue of church calendar reform is of special interest. Although it has been raised for more than a century, it is still as relevant as in the first attempts at the reform thereof. This paper explores the attitudes on online platforms in Serbia on this issue. Is the church calendar perceived as an integral part of the cultural heritage? What are the pros and cons of calendar reform? What would be the consequences of its potential change?

scholarly journals Linking together independent building development plans

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Miroslav Sůra
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Money ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Concurrent Development ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Induced Defects

The article describes two independent projects having investors of two different types – one using public money for the benefit of community, the other was purely private money of a private economic operator. Both investors included the green and/or sustainability building objectives in their projects, and examined possible defects and deficits in thereof, also in relation to the surrounding conditions and processes. Of course, each investor discovered the concurrent development of the other investor’s plans, and determined overlapping areas of interest. In the article we describe the overlapping interest areas, variant solutions intended to lower projects costs, other pros and cons of the variants, their possible advantages and prospective degrading defects, and the harmonization of both investors’ requirements. Next to this, public opinion on the solution was determined and evaluated, with trends and biases where identifiable. Then the variant best suited to both investors was agreed upon, just with slight final modifications to better satisfy the public and both investors, and to avoid possible future induced defects.

scholarly journals The Relation between Game and Tsetse-flies

1911 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stevenson Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Public Mind ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Mind

The theory that the larger wild mammals, commonly called “big game,” are solely and entirely responsible for the presence of tsetse-flies, has become so firmly fixed in the mind of the average “man in the street” in South Africa, that no amount of contrary argument or even proof, were such forthcoming, could ever have much effect in altering his opinion. The newcomer quickly assimilates the same idea, and after a time begins to voice it as assertively as his mentor. It is thus most difficult to obtain really reliable data. An investigator, beginning an enquiry with an open mind, finds himself flooded with such a mass of apparently well substantiated statements, provided by experienced and obviously sincere persons, that he can with difficulty keep his mind free from a certain amount of bias. Starting from the assumption that the presence of fly depends upon that of game, arguments against the continued existence of the latter quickly multiply in the public mind. I was talking to a friend the other day, and he mentioned that he had been replying to some questions upon this very subject. He was no partisan of the anti-game movement, but regretfully expressed his conviction that in order to get rid of tsetse-fly it would be necessary to abolish the larger animals. I ventured, to ask for some clear instance of this interdependence. He was unable to quote any first-hand evidence which might not have been explained away, and his main contention, in short, was, “Of course the fly is dependent upon the game, everyone with any experience knows that; ask any old hunter or native.” This, I think, about sums up the ideas of the majority of people, and, if further argument is deemed necessary, the assumed general disappearance of the fly after rinderpest is pointed to as affording conclusive proof. The presumption is, of course, that the fly, deprived of its means of subsistence, died of starvation. An acquaintance with some of the districts visited by the epidemic would however by no means indicate that this was the real cause of the phenomenon, where it occurred. A study of the effect of rinderpest upon the relations between fly and game, might indeed, were it possible always to obtain accurate data, shed some new and interesting light upon the whole subject.

Predicting the Consequences of a Nuclear Attack on Britain: Models, Results, and Implications for Public Policy

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Openshaw ◽  
P Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nuclear Attack ◽  
False Sense

The paper describes the structure of a suite of linked computer models of the sort used by central government to predict the effects of nuclear war on civilian populations. The models are used to report the casualties that could result from two attack scenarios; one is based on the 1980 Home Defence exercise codenamed ‘Square-Leg’, and the other is devised by the authors. A number of different sensitivity analyses are also performed. The results indicate that current official estimates about the numbers of casualties are highly optimistic. Current Home Defence policies involve a fraudulent attempt, in the authors' view, to lull the public into a false sense of safety. It is hoped that this paper will be the beginning of a more informed and open public and political debate about a subject which hitherto has escaped academic attention.

How Does Fiscal Decentralization Affect Fiscal and Governance-Related Performance?

2021 ◽  
pp. 409-426
Author(s):  
Mehmet Avcı ◽  
Hasan Alpay Karasoy
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fiscal Performance ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Government Reforms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Fiscal decentralization, which is one of the most essential objectives of government reforms in recent decades, implies transferring of the fiscal authority from central government to lower-level government. The rationale of fiscal decentralization is to improve the allocation efficiency of public resources through matching public resources accurately to public needs. On the other hand, it ensures a closer relationship between individuals and governments, and thus governments are more responsive to the individual's needs. Therefore, fiscal decentralization can provide a more transparent and accountable decision-making process in the public sector. In all, it is expected that fiscal decentralization enhances fiscal performance and governance according to theory. In this sense, this study investigates the relationship between fiscal and governance-related performance empirically for 26 OECD countries over 1996-2017 by using dynamic panel data system GMM estimation. Findings confirm the view that fiscal decentralization has a positive effect on fiscal and governance-related performance.

The BJP’s Welfare Schemes: Did They Make a Difference in the 2019 Elections?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwari Deshpande ◽  
Louise Tillin ◽  
K.K. Kailash
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Central Government ◽  
State Governments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Local Politicians ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Employment Guarantee Scheme

In this article, we use data from the 2019 NES post-poll survey to assess the impact of BJP’s welfare schemes on voting behaviour. We demonstrate that compared to earlier elections, voters are more likely to give credit to the central government as opposed to state governments or local politicians for welfare schemes. This centralization is especially the case for some of the BJP’s new welfare programmes such as Ujjwala and the Jan Dhan Yojana. However, even earlier Congress-era schemes such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme and the Awas Yojana are now more associated with the central government. Schemes such as the Public Distribution System (PDS) and Old Age Pensions are still more likely to be associated with state governments. At the all-India level, we find some evidence that voters who received benefits under Ujjwala, Jan Dhan Yojana or Awas Yojana schemes were more likely to vote for the BJP, whereas recipients of pensions or MGNREGA were less likely to support the BJP.

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