Free Blacks in a Slave Society: New Orleans, 1718-1812

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Free Blacks ◽  
Slave Society

“Desiring Total Tranquility” and Not Getting It: Conflict Involving Free Black Women in Spanish New Orleans

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly S. Hanger
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Black Women ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Women Soldiers ◽  
Free Blacks ◽  
Free Black ◽  
The Status ◽  
Judicial Procedures ◽  
Assault And Battery

Colonial New Orleans was a community, like so many others in Latin America, in which the upper sectors desired to maintain order and “toda tranquilidad,” preferably by way of legislation and judicial compromise but through force and authoritarian measures if necessary. Challenges to this tranquility came from those groups considered marginal and thus often subordinated, oppressed, and made generally unhappy with the status quo, among them workers, women, soldiers, slaves, and free blacks (libres). Free black women— the focus of this paper—drew upon multiple experiences as members of several of these subjugated groups: as women, as nonwhites, sometimes as former slaves, and usually as workers, forced by poverty to support their families with earnings devalued because they were gained doing “women's work.” But they did not suffer silently. Condemning the patriarchal order, racist, sexist, authoritarian society in which they operated, libre women vigorously attacked it both verbally and physically, employing such elite-defined legal and illegal methods as petitions, judicial procedures, slander, insults, arson, and assault and battery.

Mammon and Manon in Early New Orleans: The First Slave Society in the Deep South

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Mark M. Smith ◽  
Thomas N. Ingersoll ◽  
Midori Takagi
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Slave Society

scholarly journals Public Slavery, Racial Formation, and the Struggle over Honor in French New Orleans, 1718-1769

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Cécile Vidal
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Racial Formation ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Slave System ◽  
White Population ◽  
Slave Society ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
The Way ◽  
French Regime

In New Orleans throughout the French Regime (1718-1769), ruling authorities did not only shape the slave system through the way they exercised their political and administrative prerogatives and functions, but were directly involved as slaveholders. Public slavery facilitated the emergence of New Orleans and Lower Louisiana society as a slave society, and was not necessarily incompatible with racial prejudice and discrimination. On the contrary, it fueled the construction of race. At the same time, it made visible the fact that honor did not only define the boundary between the free and the non-free and the identity of the white population.

Mississippi Valley, 1862

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-235
Author(s):  
Michael D. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Free Blacks ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

Union victories at Island No. 10 and Forts Jackson and St. Philip in April 1862 allowed the United States to quickly capture New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Natchez, and Memphis. Their advances prompted the U.S. government to initiate Reconstruction policies that included the enlistment of White, Unionist Southerners. The government also worked with free Blacks, freedmen, and military commanders to start enlisting African American volunteers drawn from throughout the Mississippi Valley by passing the Second Confiscation Act. The Confederate government was badly shaken by its military defeats, especially because its troops suffered from widespread apathy, desertions, and mutinies throughout the Mississippi Valley in 1862. A Confederate conscription law was necessary to bolster its sagging army. The Confederate offensive at Baton Rouge in August was fueled in part by the conscription law and was aimed to interrupt Black enlistments and shore up slavery.

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