Thackeray's Cultural Frame of Reference: Allusion in "The Newcomes." R. D. McMaster

There are at least two prerequisites for understanding the academic performance of minorities in contemporary urban industrial societies. The first is to distinguish among different types of minority status; the second is to distinguish different types of cultural difference. The distinctions between voluntary and involuntary minorities and between primary and secondary cultural differences are used as explanatory concepts. Voluntary minorities do not have persistent basic academic difficulties, no matter what their primary cultural differences from the dominant majority. The people who have the most difficulty with academic achievement are involuntary minorities. These difficulties stem from the responses that involuntary minorities have made to their forced incorporation and subsequent treatment, especially their formation of oppositional identity and oppositional cultural frame of reference. Such responses constitute secondary cultural differences. Unlike primary cultural differences, secondary cultural differences do not predate contact between the minority and the majority groups; rather, they are responses to the difficult nature of the contact.

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Postmodern epistemology and the Christian apologetics of CS Lewis

Verbum et Ecclesia ◽

10.4102/ve.v27i2.173 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 749-771

Author(s):

DN Wilson

Keyword(s):

Frame Of Reference ◽

Direct Access ◽

Human Consciousness ◽

Absolute Truth ◽

Christian Apologetics ◽

Cultural Frame Of Reference

Evangelicalism at the turn of this century finds itself facing a challenge that undermines its very validity. This challenge is generally referred to as postmodernism. Within the contemporary evangelical paradigm, the context in which this term is generally used refers to epistemology – the structure and limitations of human self-consciousness. The gist of the popular post-modernist argument is that human consciousness always develops inductively – from the inside, outward – utilising a particular linguistic and cultural frame of reference in order to construct conceptions of reality. Human self-consciousness, as understood from this context, is therefore always ultimately, something that can only be referred to as insulated. In the light of this, human self- consciousness can have no direct access to what may be commonly referred to as, an absolute truth.

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ترجمة عبارات الجنس في قطاع الخدمات العمومية/Interpreting Expressions of Sexual Contents in Public Services

FITISPos International Journal ◽

10.37536/fitispos-ij.2014.1.0.14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 51-65

Author(s):

Mohamed EL-MADKOURI MAATAOUI

Keyword(s):

Public Service ◽

Service Provider ◽

Public Services ◽

Frame Of Reference ◽

Point Of View ◽

Sexual Content ◽

Cultural Perspective ◽

Knowledge Expression ◽

Cultural Frame Of Reference

التي ترتبط معرفتها والتعبير عنها واستقبالها بالبعدين الاجتماعي والثقافي بعيداً عن المظاهر الشكلية البحثة، ففي بعض الأحيان قد نفهم مجموع معاني الكلمات من غير إدراك للمغزى الخفي المراد منها لأننا قد نرفض بعض التركيبات اللغوية ونصفها بالغرابة؛ فتصبح بالتالي فاقدة للمعنى من منظورنا الاجتماعي والثقافي الخاص، في الوقت الذي تكون فيه محملة بالمعاني من وجهة نظر قائلها بحسب السياقين الاجتماعي والثقافي الموجِّهَيْن لعملية القول.تماشيا مع هذا الطرح، ولإظهار مثل هذا النوع من التراكيب اللغوية، سأتناول الإشارات والتعبيرات ذات المضامين الجنسيّة التي يتعيّن ترجمتها من العربية إلى الإسبانية في قطاع الخدمات العامة، مركزا بصفة خاصة على الترجمة الفورية لأنها، بعكس الترجمة المكتوبة، تتطلب وجود الأضلاع الثلاثة لعملية التواصل وهم: مقدّم الخدمة والمستفيد منها والمترجم.ترجمة شفهية، عبارات ذات محتوى جنسي، الخدمات الإجتماعية الكلمات المحورية Resumen: El objeto de este trabajo es analizar y describir algunos aspectos de la lengua, cuyo conocimiento, expresión y recepción incumbe al ámbito social y cultural, más que a lo puramente formal. Es decir, que en ocasiones podemos entender la totalidad de las palabras, sin captar el mensaje implícito, o incluso podemos rechazar algún tipo de construcción lingüística juzgándola rara o anómala, y por tanto poco significativa desde nuestra perspectiva social y cultural propia, aunque la misma sea altamente significativa desde el punto de vista del emisor y de su marco social y cultural. Para poner de relieve este tipo de construcciones lingüísticas, abordaré aquellas referencias y expresiones con contenido sexual que se precisa traducir del árabe al español en el ámbito de la Interpretación en los Servicios Públicos. Por ello, este trabajo se centrará exclusivamente en la interpretación, porque es ella, frente a la traducción, la que precisa de la presencia física y efectiva de los tres actores de la comunicación, a saber: el proveedor del servicio, el usuario del mismo y el intérprete.Abstract: The objective of this project is to analyze and describe some aspects of language, whose knowledge, expression and reception is relevant to social and cultural scope, more than just the formal scope. It is to say that, in specific occasions, we can understand the totality of words, without understanding the implicit message, or we can even reject some type of linguistic construction, considering it weird or abnormal, and therefore of little significance from our own social and cultural perspective, even though the same is highly significant from the emitter’s point of view and their social and cultural frame of reference. To highlight these types of linguistic constructions, I will address those references and expressions of sexual content needing to be translated from Arabic to Spanish in the field of Public Service Interpreting. For this reason, this project will focus specifically on interpreting, as opposed to translation, because interpreting requires the physical and effective existence of the three actors in communication: the service provider, the user of the service, and the interpreter.

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The Meanings of Landscape: Historical Development, Cultural Frames, Linguistic Variation, and Antonyms // Los significados del paisaje: Desarrollo histórico, marcos culturales, variaciones lingüísticas y antónimos

Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment ◽

10.37536/ecozona.2014.5.1.588 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 84-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Werner Bigell ◽

Cheng Chang

Keyword(s):

Historical Development ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Current Trend ◽

Frame Of Reference ◽

Linguistic Variation ◽

Academic Field ◽

Germanic Languages ◽

Cultural Frames ◽

Cultural Frame Of Reference

The article presents the shifts of meaning of the term landscape in English and other Germanic languages, from territory to vista and social arena. The concept of landscape forms part of a cultural frame of reference, and changes in the cultural context also affect the meaning of landscape. The dependency of the meaning of landscape on context is shown in an overview of what landscape means in other languages: Spanish, Russian, Thai, Arabic, and Chinese. The different meanings of landscape can also be elucidated by identifying its antonyms, the anti-landscape and the non-landscape. Although commonly criticized in the academic field as being deterministic, early attempts to map the influence of landscape on culture should be re-evaluated in the current trend to understand landscape systemically. Resumen El artículo presenta los cambios de significado del término paisaje en inglés y en otros idiomas germánicos, desde territorio a vista panorámica y área social. El paisaje forma parte de un marco cultural de referencia, y los cambios en el contexto cultural también afectan el significado del paisaje. La dependencia del significado del paisaje del contexto cultural se muestra en un resumen de lo que el paisaje significa en otros idiomas: español, ruso, tailandés, árabe y chino. Los diferentes significados del paisaje también pueden ser dilucidados mediante la identificación de los antónimos de paisaje, el anti-paisaje y el no-paisaje. Aunque rechazados generalmente en el campo académico como deterministas, los intentos anteriores de analizar la influencia del paisaje en la cultura pueden ser revalorizados en la tendencia actual de entender el paisaje de forma sistémica.

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