A Formal Approach to the Design and Assembly of Mobile Toolkits

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Mobile Populations ◽  
Main Factors

It is widely believed that the design of transported artifacts and toolkits employed by mobile populations is influenced by two main factors, portability and potential utility. Choices about the kinds of artifacts to carry around can be modeled as an optimization problem, in which it is beneficial to obtain the greatest potential utility for the minimum total weight. This study approaches the problem analytically, making a few simple assumptions about artifact geometry and the relations between utility and artifact size. If artifact utility is calculated as a function of potential for renewal, transported toolkits should consist entirely of relatively small finished tools. Moreover, most gains in durability or multifunctionality that require increases in overall size are outweighed by increased transport cost. Inconsistencies between these expectations and ethnographic and archaeological observations point to situations in which artifact functionality is more closely constrained by overall size or mass.

Bigger is Better: Comments on Kuhn's Formal Approach to Mobile Tool Kits

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Erroneous Conclusion ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Alternative Formula ◽  
Lithic Tools

Kuhn (1994) argues that small lithic tools provide an optimal means of reducing the weight of mobile tool kits while maximizing potential utility. This assertion contradicts much of the current thinking about mobility and the organization of lithic technology and is at odds with the archaeological record. A flaw in Kuhn's equation for calculating the utility/mass ratio of retouched tools leads him to this erroneous conclusion. Problems with Kuhn's utility/mass ratio equation are described and an alternative formula is offered. The corrected formula indicates that larger stone tools maximize utility at a lower transport cost. Experimental evidence for additional advantages of larger stone tools is also provided.

scholarly journals Identification of the Measuring Situation when Determining Thermal Properties of Solid Materials under Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-527
Author(s):  
Z. M. Selivanova ◽  
K. V. Skomorokhov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Information Measuring System ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Intelligent Information ◽  
System Operating

The main factors characterizing the uncertainty of the measuring situation during thermophysical measurements are considered. An approach is proposed for determining the parameters of the thermophysical properties of materials and the measurement error under uncertainty. A conceptual model of the formation of a measuring environment for an intelligent information-measuring system of thermophysical properties of materials in a situation of uncertainty has been created. The solution of the optimization problem of identification of the measuring situation when determining the thermophysical properties of solid materials of various ranges of thermal conductivity is presented. An information model has been developed to identify a measurement situation in an intelligent information and measurement system operating under conditions of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Logconcave Random Graphs

10.37236/380 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Frieze ◽  
Santosh Vempala ◽  
Juan Vera
Keyword(s):  
Combinatorial Optimization ◽  
Random Graph ◽  
Random Graphs ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Unit Cube ◽  
Combinatorial Optimization Problem ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
General Distributions ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Connectivity Threshold

We propose the following model of a random graph on $n$ vertices. Let $F$ be a distribution in $R_+^{n(n-1)/2}$ with a coordinate for every pair $ij$ with $1 \le i,j \le n$. Then $G_{F,p}$ is the distribution on graphs with $n$ vertices obtained by picking a random point $X$ from $F$ and defining a graph on $n$ vertices whose edges are pairs $ij$ for which $X_{ij} \le p$. The standard Erdős-Rényi model is the special case when $F$ is uniform on the $0$-$1$ unit cube. We examine basic properties such as the connectivity threshold for quite general distributions. We also consider cases where the $X_{ij}$ are the edge weights in some random instance of a combinatorial optimization problem. By choosing suitable distributions, we can capture random graphs with interesting properties such as triangle-free random graphs and weighted random graphs with bounded total weight.

scholarly journals Multiple Approaches of Solving Allocation Problems on Postal Transportation Network in Conditions of Large Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Madleňák ◽  
Lucia Madleňáková ◽  
Jozef Štefunko ◽  
Reiner Keil
Keyword(s):  
Facility Location ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Location Model ◽  
Fixed Charge ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Large Country ◽  
Postal Network ◽  
Postal Sector ◽  
Model Approach

Abstract The article deals with the optimizing the postal transportation network with two different optimizing methods. The research adopted in this article uses allocation models within graph theory to obtain results for addressed optimization problem. The article presents and compares two types of these models: p-median and uncapacitated fixed charge facility location model. The aim of p-median model is to find the location of P facilities in network, serving all demands in a way ensuring the average transport cost to be minimal. Fixed charge location model approach the issue of facility location based on minimizing the overall costs of implementation of selected variants. The latter this two models are subsequently applied on the postal network to determine the optimal location of postal facilities. These two models are adopted in the condition of large country with area above 300 000 km2. The Italy was chosen as a typical country that fits this condition. The underlying infrastructure of Italy is represented by simplified model of a postal network, abstracted by a graph G = (V, E, c, w). The results can serve as a basis for modification of the used models for the simulation of networks in the postal sector and as a key that compares the opportunities and results of application of these two models in the conditions large countries.

Towards Systematization

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Reichertz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Target System ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Planning Development

Data processing has become an important tool in theoretical and clinical medicine. The main categories of applications are : information analysis, (bio)signal processing and the field of information logistics (information systems).The problems encountered lie in the discrepancy of the basic methods of a formal approach to an empirical science, the complexity of the target system and the system ecology, i.e. the involvement of the user and the system environment during system construction and utilization.Possible solutions to these problems are the application of system techniques, inductive planning, development of medical methodology, development of methods and techniques for user involvement and assessment of motivation and education and educational planning.The necessary general strategy in the development in medical informatics is seen in the continuing systematization of the theoretical and practical approach. It is estimated that this will eventually contribute to the systematization of medical science and practice.

The world and Russia: Inflation is minimal, economic growth is slowing, risks are rising

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Ershov ◽  
Anna S. Tanasova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Money Creation ◽  
Main Factors

Russian economy has reached the low level of inflation, but economic growth has not accelerated. Moreover, according to official forecasts, in the following years it will still be low. The article concludes that domestic demand, which is one of the main factors of growth, is significantly constrained by monetary, budgetary and fiscal spheres. The situation in the Russian economy is still hampered by the decline of the world economic growth. The prospects of financial markets are highly uncertain. This increases the possibility of crisis in the world. Leading countries widely use non-traditional measures to support their economies in the similar environment. In the world economy as well as in Russia a principally new combination of factors has emerged, which create specific features of economic growth. It requires special set of measures to stimulate such growth. The article proves that Russian regulators have large unused potential to stimulate growth. It includes monetization, long-money creation, budget and tax stimuli. It is important that the instruments, which will be used, should be based on domestic mechanisms. This will strengthen financial basis of the economy and may encourage economic growth. Some specific suggestions as to their use are made.

Anti-Jewish Incidents in the Lublin Region in the Early Years after World War II

2008 ◽  
pp. 177-205
Author(s):  
Adam Kopciowski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Post War ◽  
Anti Jewish

In the early years following World War II, the Lublin region was one of the most important centres of Jewish life. At the same time, during 1944-1946 it was the scene of anti-Jewish incidents: from anti-Semitic propaganda, accusation of ritual murder, economic boycott, to cases of individual or collective murder. The wave of anti-Jewish that lasted until autumn of 1946 resulted in a lengthy and, no doubt incomplete, list of 118 murdered Jews. Escalating anti-Jewish violence in the immediate post-war years was one of the main factors, albeit not the only one, to affect the demography (mass emigration) and the socio-political condition of the Jewish population in the Lublin region

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