Missions to the Calusa. John H. Hann, editor and translator. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 1991. xix + 460 pp., references, index. ’49.95 (cloth). - 
            Excavations on the Franciscan Frontier: Archaeology of the Fig Springs Mission. Brent Richards Weisman. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 1992. xvii + 250 pp., figures, tables, appendixes, references cited, index. ’29.95 (cloth). - 
            Archaeology at Santa Elena: Doorway to the Past. Stanley South. Popular Series No. 2. South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 1991. x + 112 pp., figures, references, glossary. ’5.00 (paper). - 
            The Archaeology of Spanish Colonialism in the Southeastern United States and the Caribbean. Charles R. Ewen. Guides to the Archaeological Literature of the Immigrant Experience in America No. 1. Society for Historical Archaeology, Tucson, 1990. 34 pp., bibliography. ’6.00 (paper).

Focusing on the southeastern United States, I provide some alternative perspectives on shell mounds previously interpreted as architectural features, temple mounds, and feasting sites. The same pattern of deposition often inferred to indicate mound construction—darker-colored, highly organic strata alternating with lighter-colored, shell-rich strata—can be accounted for by domestic midden accumulation and disposal of refuse away from living areas. Observed abundances of particular shell species can result from local or regional ecological conditions. Site complexes interpreted as architectural may have evolved largely in response to short-term climate changes. Shell rings on the Georgia and South Carolina coasts probably functioned to conserve and store unconfined water. To understand ancient shell mounds, we need a sediment-oriented approach to the study of mound deposits and more attention to the environmental contexts in which shell mounds accumulated.

Download Full-text

Archaic Shell Mounds in the American Southeast

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.75 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rebecca Saunders

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Savannah River ◽

The Past ◽

Island Area ◽

Recent Scholarship ◽

Shell Mounds ◽

The Future ◽

American Southeast ◽

Shell Rings

Freshwater and estuarine shellfish began to be exploited in the southeastern United States between 9000 and 7000 b.p. Shortly thereafter, shell mounds appeared in the mid-South Shell Mound Archaic, along the St. Johns River in peninsular Florida, and, somewhat later, in the Stallings Island area along the middle Savannah River. On the lower Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, shell rings arose. Until recently, all these mounds were considered middens—the accumulations of the remains of simple meals of mobile peoples who visited the same areas for hundreds or thousands of years. More recent scholarship indicates that these mounds were deliberate constructions—some of the first sculpted landscapes created by Archaic peoples to memorialize the past, celebrate the present, and provide for the future. In this chapter, recent research on shell sites in these four areas is discussed. The emphasis is on changing perspectives about the peoples who built them.

Download Full-text

The Practice and Potential of Agroforestry in the Southeastern United States

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fr146-2004 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2004 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah W. Workman ◽

Samuel C. Allen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Land Management ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

White Paper ◽

Forest Resources ◽

Management Tool ◽

University Of Florida ◽

Agricultural Sciences ◽

Extension Professionals

The purpose of this instructional document—officially called a white paper—is to help farmers, landowners, extension professionals and policymakers develop solutions to some of the problems they or their clients face, using agroforestry as a land management tool. This will be done by presenting readers with the various opportunities available in agroforestry, based on a review of current and potential practices in the southeastern United States. This document is Circular 1446, one of a series through the Center for Subtropical Agroforestry (CSTAF), School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First Published: June 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr146

Download Full-text

Fungicide Rotation Programs for Managing Phytophthora Fruit Rot of Watermelon in Southeastern United States

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-rs-16-0059 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandrasekar (Shaker) S. Kousik ◽

Pingsheng Ji ◽

Daniel S. Egel ◽

Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Carolina ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

The United States ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Management Options ◽

Before And After

About 50% of the watermelons in the United States are produced in the southeastern states, where optimal conditions for development of Phytophthora fruit rot prevail. Phytophthora fruit rot significantly limits watermelon production by causing serious yield losses before and after fruit harvest. Efficacy of fungicide rotation programs and Melcast-scheduled sprays for managing Phytophthora fruit rot was determined by conducting experiments in Phytophthora capsici-infested fields at three locations in southeastern United States (North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia). The mini seedless cultivar Wonder and seeded cultivar Mickey Lee (pollenizer) were used. Five weekly applications of fungicides were made at all locations. Significant fruit rot (53 to 91%, mean 68%) was observed in the nontreated control plots in all three years (2013 to 2015) and across locations. All fungicide rotation programs significantly reduced Phytophthora fruit rot compared with nontreated controls. Overall, the rotation of Zampro alternated with Orondis was highly effective across three locations and two years. Rotations of Actigard followed by Ranman+Ridomil Gold, Presidio, V-10208, and Orondis, or rotation of Revus alternated with Presidio were similarly effective. Use of Melcast, a melon disease-forecasting tool, may occasionally enable savings of one spray application without significantly impacting control. Although many fungicides are available for use in rotations, under very heavy rain and pathogen pressure, the fungicides alone may not offer adequate protection; therefore, an integrated approach should be used with other management options including well-drained fields.

Download Full-text

Recent Research Concerning the Freezing Point Value of Milk Produced in the Southeastern United States

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/46.4.732 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 732-736

Author(s):

R W Henningson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Carolina ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Fat Content ◽

Extensive Survey ◽

Milk Solids

Abstract In 1953 Dahlberg, et al. published the first information indicating that the freezing point value of milk produced in the Southeastern United States might be higher than commonly accepted values. An extensive survey of retail milk marketed in South Carolina during 1957 produced an unweighted average freezing point value of –0.529°C, and disclosed that the unweighted average milk solids-not-fat content of retail milk marketed in South Carolina was 8.88%. Other surveys revealed such freezing point values as –0.537, –0.540, –-0.533, –0.528, and –0.532°C. Custer and Cardwell found freezing point depressions averaging 0.025—0.030°C less for reconstituted non-fat milks of southern origin than for similar milks of northern origin. The lactose and chloride contents of these milks were lower than those of the northern milks. Problems created by high freezing point values which are intensified by the effects of vacuum pasteurization, common in the Southeastern United States, on freezing point values will be discussed.

Download Full-text