Prehistoric Diet and Parasitic Infection in Tennessee: Evidence from the Analysis of Desiccated Human Paleofeces

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
North America ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Chenopodium Berlandieri ◽  
Prehistoric Diet

Eight desiccated human feces recovered from Big Bone Cave (40VB103) were analyzed for dietary contents and evidence of endoparasitic infection. Radiocarbon-dated materials from the cave indicated that it was a locus of human activity 2220 ± 135 years ago. The dietary contents were primarily composed of three domesticated plant species:Iva annua, Chenopodium berlandierissp.jonesianum, andHelianthus annuus. Endoparasitic species infecting the population using the cave were:Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia intestinalis, and a species tentatively identified to the superfamily Ancylostomoidea. The evidence of endoparasitic infection preserved in the Big Bone Cave paleofecal sample is the most complete record available for Eastern North America. This information is a new contribution to understanding the relative health status and living conditions of the emergent horticultural societies of prehistoric Eastern North America.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and geographical distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in humans in Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dudlová ◽  
P. Juriš ◽  
S. Jurišová ◽  
P. Jarčuška ◽  
V. Krčméry
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Protozoan Infections

Summary Examinations of the set of 2,760 samples of human stools revealed the current epidemiological situation in the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitoses in Slovakia. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection was P = 6.81 % out of which the protozoan infections was P = 2.64 % and helminthiases P = 4.17 %, in the representation of endoparasitic species Entamoeba coli, Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis hominis, Endolimax nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis. The species with the highest proportion from the protozoa was Entamoeba coli (P = 0.79 %) and from the helminths Ascaris lumbricoides (P = 3.73 %). The highest prevalence of protozoan infections (P = 3.27 %) was found in the age group 8 – 18 yearly and helminthic infections (P = 5.84 %) in the lowest age group of children at the age of 1 month to 7 years. Almost regularly, there was most frequently infection with Endolimax nana, Giardia intestinalis and Ascaris lumbricoides. By comparison of all age categories, a high statistical significance of differences in the prevalence of helminthiases was found, which most frequently infected children aged from 1 month to 7 years (X2, p≤ 0.0001). The statistical significance of differences in the incidence of protozoan infections (X2, p≤ 0.01) and helminthiases (X2, p≤ 0.0001) was recorded between the compared regions of Slovakia (Western, Central and Eastern Slovakia) with the highest prevalence in the eastern region of Slovakia.

scholarly journals Personal hygiene practices and socio-economic conditions as influential factors for intestinal parasitic infection in Dhaka city dwellers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Md Aminul Islam Bhuiyan ◽  
Zannatun Nahar Jhinu ◽  
Jaliluzzaman ◽  
Mandira Mukutmoni
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Hygiene Practices

A total of 200 stool samples were examined and five species of intestinal parasites were identified. Two of them were protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis) and the rest of which three species were nematode parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis). The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 50%. Individually the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis was 25%, 13%, 6%, 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Patients of different age and sex had a variable degree of infection. Children aged under ten years showed the highest prevalence (73.97%) compared to other groups. Accordingly, male patients were found slightly more susceptible to the infection (50.38%) compared to the female (49.29%). People belonging to different occupation and educational qualification had various degree of infection. As expected patients who had no education and poor monthly income, showed the highest prevalence of infection, 77.77% and 90%, respectively. Personal hygiene practices of the patients had much influence on the parasitic prevalence and rate of infection. Respectively 58.82%, 91.42%, 80% and 63.55% prevalence were found among the patients who used to drink unsafe water, wash hands without soap, stay barefooted most of the time and do not trim their nails regularly. The present study supposed to reveal that socioeconomic conditions and behavioral factors may influence the prevalence of parasitic infections. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 129-136, 2019

Domesticated Chenopodium in Prehistoric Eastern North America: New Accelerator Dates from Eastern Kentucky

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Smith ◽  
C. Wesley Cowan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Kentucky ◽  
Chenopodium Berlandieri ◽  
Rock Shelters

Specimens of desiccated Chenopodium berlandieri ssp. jonesianum from Cloudsplitter and Newt Kash Rock-shelters in Menifee County, eastern Kentucky yielded accelerator dates of 3450 ± 150 B.P. and 3400 ± 150 B.P., respectively, extending the known age of this prehistoric domesticate by 1,000 years.

Direct Evidence for the Importance of Small Animals to Prehistoric Diets: A Review of Coprolite Studies

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin D. Sobolik
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Prehistoric Diet

Researchers tend to underestimate or ignore the importance of small animals to the prehistoric diet due to the difficulty of separating cultural from noncultural faunal debris excavated from sites. Human coprolite analyses (dessicated human feces) indicate prehistoric dietary consumption of small animals. The large number of coprolites analyzed from North America reveals direct ingestion of small animals and indicates that small animal remains from sites indeed reflect human dietary patterns. The coprolites reveal that reptiles, birds, bats, and a large variety of rodents were an important and prevalent component of the prehistoric diet.

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasitic Infestation among the Outdoor Patients of Dhaka University Medical Centre, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Hafiz Uddin ◽  
Shahela Alam ◽  
Fatema Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Patient ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Stool Samples

In the present study, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation was investigatedamong the outdoor patients including teacher, student and staff of the Dhaka University treated atDhaka University Medical Centre. A total of 380 stool samples were examined. Four species ofintestinal parasites were identified, two protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis)and two nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). The prevalence of parasiticinfestation was 24.73%. The prevalence of E. histolytica was 3.95%, G. intestinalis 6.31%,A. lumbricoides 11.84% and T. trichiura 2.63%. The prevalence was higher in case of staff(32.31%) and lower in case of teacher (13.16%). Highest prevalence observed during the rainyseason (29.3%) and lowest in winter (19.4%). Female patient showed higher prevalence (31.25%)compared to male (24.14%). The rate of infection was higher (28.3%) among the patients, whoused to drink unboiled water. The present study revealed that parasitic infection among the outdoorpatients of Dhaka University Medical Centre is alarmingly high.Key words: Dhaka University Medical Centre; intestinal parasites; outdoor patientsDOI: 10.3329/ujzru.v28i0.5285Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 28, 2010 pp. 45-49

scholarly journals Identificação dos principais parasitos intestinais encontrados em locais públicos no Brasil

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-137
Author(s):  
Matteus Teixeira Guerra ◽  
Jonas Hantt Corrêa Lima ◽  
Julia Carolina Lusa Tessaro ◽  
Paulo Henrique Silva ◽  
Jean Fachini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis

As infecções causadas por parasitos são consideradas uma das maiores causas de agravos por processos infecciosos no mundo, e, segundo estimativa, afetam cerca de 2 bilhões de pessoas em todo os continentes, tornando-se um dos principais problemas de saúde pública principalmente no Brasil. Esses parasitos eliminam seus ovos, larvas ou cistos junto com as fezes do hospedeiro e contaminam o ambiente, o solo e a água, além do contato das mãos sujas levadas à boca podendo ocasionar infecções parasitárias. Esses e outros fatores, somados às condições climáticas do Brasil e a falta de saneamento básico são importantes processos para disseminação desses parasitos no país. Vários estudos demonstraram que locais públicos podem atuar como reservatórios para parasitos intestinais, de acordo com eles foram selecionados os parasitos mais prevalentes: Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Endolimax nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercolaris, Toxocara spp e ancilostomídeos. O estudo identificou os três principais parasitos intestinais entre todos os 19 artigos analisados e encontrou 13 espécies de parasitos intestinais nos diferentes locais pesquisados pelos autores. O presente estudo demonstrou, através da análise de 19 artigos, que os locais públicos no Brasil podem atuar como reservatórios para parasitos intestinais, e as pessoas que frequentam esses locais constituem um grupo de risco estando sujeitas às infecções parasitárias.

scholarly journals Occurrence of protozoa and soil transmitted helminth (STH) in human feces used as manure in agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Tamanna Akter ◽  
Sharmin Musa ◽  
Hamida Khanum
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum ◽  
Risk Association

To assess the health risk association of soil contamination with parasite, a total number of 168 faecally contaminated night soil was studied. The presence of four protozoan parasites, viz. Cryptosporidium sp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia sp., Trichomonas hominis and eight different helminthes, viz. Diphyllobothrium latum, Hymenolepis sp., Taenia sp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongyloides stercolaris and Trichuris trichiura were identified. Among the protozoans, Giardia sp. was the highest (46.43%) and most abundant (339.87 ± 17.01 cysts/g); among helminthes the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was the highest (80.95%) and Strongyloides stercoralis was mostly abundant (409.31 ± 47.53 larvae/g). Highest percentage of mild infections was found in Giardia sp. (43.45), and lowest in Trichomonas hominis (8.33). Whereas, among helminthes, highest percentage (64.29), of mild infections was found in Ascaris lumbricoides and lowest (11.90) in Taenia. In case of protozoa, moderate infection found in Giardia sp. (2.98%) and Entamoeba histolytica (3.57%), but in case of helminth only Ascaris lumbricoides showed moderate infections (16.67%). Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 24(2): 161-168, 2015 (July)

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