Since Herodotus, Has History Been a Valid Concept?

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cuyler Young
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
Lower Paleolithic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greater Mesopotamia

This paper argues: (1) that there is no meaningful philosophical and practical distinction between history and prehistory until sometime in the Lower Paleolithic; and (2) because history as we practice it is a human invention (usually attributed to Herodotus), perhaps prehistory should be reserved as a term to describe how humans dealt with the past prior to the fifth century B.C. Philosophical underpinnings for the argument are taken from Collingwood; practical examples are drawn from personal experiences in the archaeology and history of Greater Mesopotamia.

Oral History: Media, Message, and Meaning

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford M. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Message ◽  
The City

An immense transformation in oral history and media has taken place over the past few decades. This article draws largely upon personal experiences in culminating media, message, and meaning along with the study of oral history. This article looks at experiences in interviewing people and how memories can be juxtaposed in combining oral history. To convey something of the orality and subjectivity of a radio series, this article also intersperses thirteen longer “profiles,” extended interview excerpts with people found especially informative and illuminating, and whose stories did not always fit neatly within the larger narrative. Living Atlanta: An Oral History of the City, 1914–1948, published in 1990 is referred to for conveying message and meaning. The advent of the digital revolution by the early 1990s helped spur a resurgence of interest. The plethora of oral history–based media initiatives is astounding which is still mushrooming.

scholarly journals Interculturalism in The Eyes of Marege Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alif Anggara
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intercultural Performance ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe Eyes of Marege is a surreal drama which consists of two acts with fourteen scenes. It is an intercultural performance that raises the history of relations between Makassar and Aborigines in the past. The research aims to know the basic idea of creation, the concretization stages, as well as the structure and texture of the performance. This research applies a qualitative method with a sociological approach. Observations were started from DVDs of the performance and drama script of The Eyes of Marege. Data were collected from interviews with some respondents and literature study. The Eyes of Marege is inspired by folklore, myths, songs about Makassarese coming to Arnhem Land - Northern Australia to find sea cucumbers. It was the place where Julie Janson had lived for thirty years and was raised by the Yolngu family. In addition, Julie Janson got some other inspirations from several readings and personal experiences when visiting Makassar.Keywords: Eyes of Marege; Makasarese folklore; Julie JansonAbstrakInterkuluralisme dalam Pertunjukan The Eyes of Marege. The Eyes Of Marege merupakan drama absurd atau surealis yang terdiri dari dua babak dengan empat belas adegan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ide dasar penciptaan, tahapan konkretisasi, serta struktur maupun tekstur pertunjukannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan pertunjukan dan analisis naskah drama diikuti dengan wawancara dan studi pustaka. Berdasarkan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa drama ini terinspirasi dari cerita rakyat, mitos, nyanyian-nyanyian tentang orang Makassar yang datang ke Arhemland – Australia Utara untuk mencari teripang. Tempat itu adalah tempat di mana Julie Janson pernah tinggal selama tiga puluh tahun dan diasuh oleh keluarga Yolngu. Drama ini dapat digolongkan sebagai pertunjukan interkultural yang mengangkat masalah sejarah hubungan antara suku Makassar dan suku Aborigin yang pernah terjalin di masa silam.Kata kunci: Eyes of Marege; folklore Makassar; Julie Janson

Visual Culture and Ancient History

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaś Elsner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
History Of

Through a specific example, this paper explores the problems of empiricism and ideology in the uses of material-cultural and visual evidence for the writing of ancient history. The focus is on an Athenian documentary stele with a fine relief from the late fifth century bc, the history of its publications, and their failure to account for the totality of the object's information—sculptural and epigraphic—let alone the range of rhetorical ambiguities that its texts and images implied in their fifth-century context. While the paper reflects on the Samos Stele (the meanings of the dexiosis of the figures represented, and the repeated references to the “goodness” of the Samians with respect to the Athenians, for instance), it also considers the broader hermeneutic problems of approaching the different discourses ofword and imagewithin antiquity andworries about the distortions introduced into ancient history by modern formulations, descriptions, and translations of the past.

Oral Testimony and the History of Medicine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Medical History ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Oral Testimony ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
The Relationship

This article surveys the historiographical trends in medical history that have fostered the rise in the use of oral history. It discusses different approaches that serve to bring individual experiences and human agents into the historical frame, humanizing our understanding of the national and international institutions, professions, governments, and organizations that shape medical history. Oral history reveals the clinicians behind changing medical treatments and the personal experiences behind patient populations or epidemiological trends. This article argues, however, that oral history needs to do more; rather, it should aim to chart and explore the relationship between the structures of medicine and human experience. Furthermore, it discusses that oral testimony does not document the past, but is an individual's interpretation of it; historians therefore need to interrogate it as such, exploring why people remember in certain ways, what is forgotten or misremembered, and what such memories mean for the present.

The Social Class of the Cappadocian Fathers

1973 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Kopecek
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social History ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cappadocian Fathers

Although the past two decades have shown signs of scholarly interest in the social history of fourth- and fifth-century Christianity, especially among British scholars, much remains to be done before a synthetic reconstruction will be justified. Among the tasks to be completed is the determination of the social class backgrounds of the later empire's Christian clergy. For if these backgrounds can be established, it will be possible to investigate how extensively they influenced the clerics' thought and action. Unfortunately, the determination of social origins in antiquity is not always a straightforward enterprise. This is particularly true in the case of the Cappadocian Fathers, whose social class membership is the topic of the present essay.

scholarly journals Literate education in classical Athens

1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
National Curriculum ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Classical Scholarship ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Future Of Education ◽  
Special Case

In the study of education, as in many more travelled regions of Classical scholarship, democratic Athens is something of a special case. The cautions formulation is appropriate: in the case of education, surprisingly few studies have sought to establish quite how special Athens was, and those which have, have often raised more questions than they answered. The subject itself is partly to blame. The history of education invites comparison with the present day, while those planning the future of education rarely fail to invoke the past. The place of Classical Athens in European culture has ensured a place for Athenian education in almost every debate from the relation between education and democracy to the value of education versus training, and as the original champion of causes as varied as mass education, co-education, and the national curriculum. Desirable as it is to be in demand, such treatment is not calculated to produce the most circumspect account of the subject. The study of education is further hampered by the fact that our knowledge of Athenian culture is so vibrant and diverse in some ways and so partial in others. Plato and Aristophanes present a vivid fictional picture of education in the late fifth century. If we add a few passages from Xenophon and Aristotle, a large number of vases depicting men, women, and children reading, playing the lyre, and doing athletics, and one or two archaeological finds of an educational appearance, it is tempting to take the result as a clear portrait of a society at school.

On The Possibility of an Autonomous History of Modern Southeast Asia

1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. W. Small
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

It is generally accepted that history is an element of culture and the historian a member of society, thus, in Croce's aphorism, that the only true history is contemporary history. It follows from this that when there occur great changes in the contemporary scene, there must also be great changes in historiography, that the vision not merely of the present but also of the past must change.

Stellar Evolution

1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
M. Schwarzschild
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
Space Craft ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Individual Stars ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evolution Of Galaxies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fast Flow

It is perhaps one of the most important characteristics of the past decade in astronomy that the evolution of some major classes of astronomical objects has become accessible to detailed research. The theory of the evolution of individual stars has developed into a substantial body of quantitative investigations. The evolution of galaxies, particularly of our own, has clearly become a subject for serious research. Even the history of the solar system, this close-by intriguing puzzle, may soon make the transition from being a subject of speculation to being a subject of detailed study in view of the fast flow of new data obtained with new techniques, including space-craft.

A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammed Madadin ◽  
Ritesh G. Menezes ◽  
Maha A. Alassaf ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Almulhim ◽  
Mahdi S. Abumadini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.

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