Prehistoric Cultural Collapse in the Lillooet Area

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hayden ◽  
June M. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Maximum Development

A series of unusually large hunter-gatherer winter villages emerged along the Fraser River in the Lillooet region of British Columbia during the last 3,000 years. Population estimates for these villages range from 500-1,000. Salmon heavily dominated the subsistence economy of these groups. We believe that these groups were socially and economically more complex than subsequent inhabitants. Village size and complexity seem to achieve maximum development from 1000-2000 B.P. About 1,000 years ago it appears that all of the large villages in the Lillooet region were abandoned and never reoccupied to any significant degree. Numerous causes for this apparent cultural collapse have been considered. Recent geomorphological research on landslides and terraces in the Lillooet region make failure of salmon runs due to catastrophic landslides that dammed the Fraser River the most likely explanation for the apparently abrupt abandonment of the large Lillooet villages.

WALLROTHIELLA ARCEUTHOBII, A PARASITE OF THE JACK-PINE MISTLETOE

1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Silver Dowding
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Maximum Development ◽  
Lower Compartment

Arceuthobium, the host of Wallrothiella Arceuthobii, has been found in British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario and Wallrothiella Arceuthobii has been found in Manitoba and Alberta.Arceuthobium fruits become infected in Canada in the spring, about a week after fertilization. The fungus and the infected fruits then increase in size, and they attain their maximum development by the summer of the following year.The ascospores are not violently discharged into the air. The spores ooze out into water when the perithecia are wet.The mature perithecium is made up of two compartments, the lower compartment containing the asci, and the upper compartment into which the ascospores are discharged and where they collect.It is suggested that insects are agents which disperse the ascospores.Ascospores sown in Arceuthobium decoction commence to germinate, but growth ceases after the germ tube has reached the length of about one millimetre.Attempts to inoculate the stigmas of healthy Arceuthobium with "sprout-mycelium" have so far been unsuccessful.

Bedforms, bed material, and bedload transport in a salt-wedge estuary: Fraser River, British Columbia

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1440-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kostaschuk ◽  
M. A. Church ◽  
J. L. Luternauer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Salt Wedge ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Material Load ◽  
Bed Material

The lower main channel of the Fraser River, British Columbia, is a sand-bed, salt-wedge estuary in which variations in velocity, discharge, and bedform characteristics are contolled by river discharge and the tides. Bed-material composition remains consistent over the discharge season and in the long term. Changes in bedform height and length follow but lag behind seasonal fluctuations in river discharge. Migration rates of bedforms respond more directly to river discharge and tidal fall than do height and length. Bedform characteristics were utilized to estimate bedload transport in the estuary, and a strong, direct, but very sensitive relationship was found between bed load and river discharge. Annual bedload transport in the estuary is estimated to be of the order of 0.35 Mt in 1986. Bedload transport in the estuary appears to be higher than in reaches upstream, possibly because of an increase in sediment movement along the bed to compensate for a reduction in suspended bed-material load produced by tidal slack water and the salt wedge.

Breeding characteristics of Townsend's vole (Microtus townsendii) during population fluctuations

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Beacham
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Peak Density ◽  
Decline Phase ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Fraser River Delta ◽  
Peak Phase ◽  
Microtus Townsendii

A 2-year livetrapping study on Townsend's vole (Microtus townsendii) on Reifel Island in the Fraser River delta in British Columbia, Canada, showed that there was an early stop to summer breeding in the peak phase summer compared with the increasing phase summer. Selective dispersal and death of early-maturing voles may account for this result. A delay occurred in the onset of breeding in the decline phase. Voles in peak density populations had the highest median weights at sexual maturity, and males matured at heavier weights than did females.

The Influence of Climate on the Stock and Recruitment of Pink and Sockeye Salmon from the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1396-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Beamish ◽  
J. T. Schnute ◽  
A. J. Cass ◽  
C. M. Neville ◽  
R. M. Sweeting
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Stock And Recruitment
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