Human Behavior, Demography, and Paleoenvironment on the Colorado Plateaus

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Dean ◽  
Robert C. Euler ◽  
George J. Gumerman ◽  
Fred Plog ◽  
Richard H. Hevly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Resource Stress ◽  
Settlement Location ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
And Behavior

Archaeological and paleoenvironmental data are integrated in an investigation of culture change among the Anasazi of the American Southwest by a conceptual model of the interaction among environment, population, and behavior, the major determinants of human adaptive systems. Geological, palynological, and dendrochronological reconstructions of low and high frequency environmental variability coupled with population trends are used to specify periods of regional population-resource stress that should have elicited behavioral responses. Examination of these periods elucidates the range of responses employed and clarifies the adaptive contributions of mobility, shift of settlement location, subsistence mix, exchange, ceremonialism, agricultural intensification, and territoriality. These results help differentiate responses that are triggered by environmental variability from those stimulated primarily by demographic or sociocultural factors. These analyses also demonstrate the adaptive importance of amplitude, frequency, temporal, spatial, and durational aspects of environmental variability compared to the commonly invoked but simplistic contrast between “favorable” and “unfavorable” conditions.

scholarly journals Rejection of the Medical Personnel Funeral of Covid 19 Victim in Sewakul sub-Village, Semarang District: A Critical Discourse Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 07037
Author(s):  
M Muzakka ◽  
Suyanto ◽  
Mujid Farihul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
The People ◽  
And Behavior

This study aims to: (1) describe and explain the knowledge and beliefs of the target study communities of Covid 19 and the corpse of victims of Covid 19 and (2) explains the sociocultural factors that influence the attitudes and behavior of the community regarding Covid 19 and the rejection of the funeral of Covid 19 victims. This study uses the Fairclough model of critical discourse analysis approach with a focus on social practices of the Sewakul community, Semarang District, represented in various mass media and social media. The formal object of this study is the discourse on social media detiknews.com, republika.co.id, and solopost.com and its formal object is the rejection of the funeral of a corpse of Covid 19 victims by the Sewakul community. Data collection uses the method of listening and note taking and in-depth interviews. Data analysis through three stages, namely data reduction, data display, conclusion / verification. The results of the study show that the people of Sewakul generally have undue (low) knowledge of the Covid 19 pandemic and its victims and loss of humanity. The sociocultural factors among the Sewakul people prioritize paternalistic, shyness, and blind social solidarity.

Individual variation affects departure rate from the natal pond in an ephemeral pond-breeding anuran

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D. Chelgren ◽  
Daniel K. Rosenberg ◽  
Selina S. Heppell ◽  
Alix I. Gitelman
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Intrinsic State ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Rana Aurora ◽  
Size At Metamorphosis ◽  
Event Model ◽  
And Behavior

Frogs exhibit extreme plasticity and individual variation in growth and behavior during metamorphosis, driven by interactions of intrinsic state factors and extrinsic environmental factors. In northern red-legged frogs ( Rana aurora Baird and Girard, 1852), we studied the timing of departure from the natal pond as it relates to date and size of individuals at metamorphosis in the context of environmental uncertainty. To affect body size at metamorphosis, we manipulated food availability during the larval stage for a sample (317) of 1045 uniquely marked individuals and released them at their natal ponds as newly metamorphosed frogs. We recaptured 34% of marked frogs in pitfall traps as they departed and related the timing of their initial terrestrial movements to individual properties using a time-to-event model. Median age at first capture was 4 and 9 days postmetamorphosis at two sites. The rate of departure was positively related to body size and to date of metamorphosis. Departure rate was strongly negatively related to time elapsed since rainfall, and this effect was diminished for smaller and later metamorphosing frogs. Individual variation in metamorphic traits thus affects individuals’ responses to environmental variability, supporting a behavioral link with variation in survival associated with these same metamorphic traits.

scholarly journals Social Complex Adaptive System: From Introduction to Several Scientific Conjectures

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Xiaojing ZHENG ◽  
Wenhui MA ◽  
Cuiping SUN ◽  
Jiaqi WANG
Keyword(s):  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Irrational Behavior ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
And Behavior

Social system is full of complexity, of stochastic dynamic, of criticality, of random diversity and of irrationality, which makes corresponding results hardly to be discovered. In this paper, we focus on drawing a conclusion of the invariant distribution of collective irrational behavior and the characteristics of critical phase transition in the process of system emergence due to the interaction between individuals. We also care about, if several order parameters of the system or environment changes, how the law of the collective behavior state and evolution state would change. Based on our analysis, seven preset conclusions in the aspects of local structure, individual properties and behavior, interaction rules, and environmental changes in complex adaptive systems are proposed.

A Multiscalar Consideration of the Athabascan Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-491
Author(s):  
Briana N. Doering ◽  
Julie A. Esdale ◽  
Joshua D. Reuther ◽  
Senna D. Catenacci
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Resource Specialization ◽  
Resource Stress ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Behavioral Transition

Genetic and linguistic evidence suggests that, after living in the Subarctic for thousands of years, Northern Athabascans began migrating to the American Southwest around 1,000 years ago. Anthropologists have proposed that this partial out-migration and several associated in situ behavioral changes were the result of a massive volcanic eruption that decimated regional caribou herds. However, regional populations appear to increase around the time of these changes, a demographic shift that may have led to increased territoriality, resource stress, and specialization. Building on existing syntheses of cultural dynamics in the region, analyses of excavated materials, and landscape data from Alaska and Yukon, this research shows that the Athabascan transition represented a gradual shift toward resource specialization in both salmon and caribou with an overall increase in diet breadth, indicating a behavioral transition that is more consistent with gradual demographic change. Further, this behavioral shift was already in motion at the time of the volcanic eruption circa 1150 cal BP and suggests that the ultimate migration from the area was the result of demographic pressures. In sum, this research elaborates on the complex dynamics of resilience and adaptation in hunter-gatherer groups and provides a testable model for explaining past migrations.

Explaining Socially Determined Ceramic Distributions in the Prehistoric Plateau Southwest

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steadman Upham ◽  
Kent G. Lightfoot ◽  
Gary M. Feinman
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Organization And Management

We examine the process of political development in relation to selected social and economic variables in the plateau region of the American Southwest. We argue that political development was closely associated with strategies of agricultural intensification, surplus production, changes in the organization and management of labor, and expanding regional exchange. We draw supporting data from several settlement systems and attempt to demonstrate that both exotic and labor-intensive commodities were restricted to political and economic centers. We then examine the distribution of one category of these materials, ceramics, through application of the "production step" measure. Our analysis suggests that access to highly decorated ceramic items was restricted to individuals residing at the largest centers. Traditional interpretations of the political organization of plateau region prehistoric groups stress their egalitarian qualities. We suggest that such interpretations be re-examined in the light of data and arguments presented here.

scholarly journals Transgenerational effects of parental light environment on progeny competitive performance and lifetime fitness

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20180182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennan H. Baker ◽  
Sonia E. Sultan ◽  
Maya Lopez-Ichikawa ◽  
Robin Waterman
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Lifetime Fitness ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Resource Stress ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Competitive Success

Plant and animal parents may respond to environmental conditions such as resource stress by altering traits of their offspring via heritable non-genetic effects. While such transgenerational plasticity can result in progeny phenotypes that are functionally pre-adapted to the inducing environment, it is unclear whether such parental effects measurably enhance the adult competitive success and lifetime reproductive output of progeny, and whether they may also adversely affect fitness if offspring encounter contrasting conditions. In glasshouse experiments with inbred genotypes of the annual plant Polygonum persicaria , we tested the effects of parental shade versus sun on (a) competitive performance of progeny in shade, and (b) lifetime reproductive fitness of progeny in three contrasting treatments. Shaded parents produced offspring with increased fitness in shade despite competition, as well as greater competitive impact on plant neighbours. Inherited effects of parental light conditions also significantly altered lifetime fitness: parental shade increased reproductive output for progeny in neighbour and understorey shade, but decreased fitness for progeny in sunny, dry conditions. Along with these substantial adaptive and maladaptive transgenerational effects, results show complex interactions between genotypes, parent environment and progeny conditions that underscore the role of environmental variability and change in shaping future adaptive potential. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change’.

scholarly journals Memory in Viral Quasispecies

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 3543-3547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen M. Ruiz-Jarabo ◽  
Armando Arias ◽  
Eric Baranowski ◽  
Cristina Escarmís ◽  
Esteban Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Selective Constraint ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Viral Quasispecies ◽  
Molecular Memory ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
With Memory

ABSTRACT Biological adaptive systems share some common features: variation among their constituent elements and continuity of core information. Some of them, such as the immune system, are endowed with memory of past events. In this study we provide direct evidence that evolving viral quasispecies possess a molecular memory in the form of minority components that populate their mutant spectra. The experiments have involved foot-and-mouth disease virus populations with known evolutionary histories. The composition and behavior of the viral population in response to a selective constraint were influenced by past evolutionary history in a way that could not be predicted from examination of consensus nucleotide sequences of the viral populations. The molecular memory of the viral quasispecies influenced both the nature and the intensity of the response of the virus to a selective constraint.

scholarly journals Using Product Lines Techniques to Specify Self-Adaptative Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-477
Author(s):  
Chiraz Bouzid ◽  
Naoufel Kraiem ◽  
Camille Salinesi
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Autonomic Computing ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Product Line ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Goal Modeling ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Variability Modeling ◽  
Service Oriented

Dynamic software adaptability is one of the central features leveraged by autonomic computing. However, developing software that changes its behavior at run time in response to dynamically varying user needs and resource constraints is a challenging task. With the emergence of mobile and service oriented computing, such variation is becoming increasingly common, and the need for adaptivity is increasing accordingly. Software product line engineering has proved itself as an efficient way to deal with varying user needs and resource constraints. In this paper we present an approach to specifying adaptive systems based on product line oriented technique such as variability modeling: we propose to combine goal modeling techniques to represent architectural and environmental variability, with constraint programming to provide the analyst with a means to identify the system variants best suited to the various environmental contexts that a system might encounter at runtime.

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