Explaining Socially Determined Ceramic Distributions in the Prehistoric Plateau Southwest

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steadman Upham ◽  
Kent G. Lightfoot ◽  
Gary M. Feinman
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Organization And Management

We examine the process of political development in relation to selected social and economic variables in the plateau region of the American Southwest. We argue that political development was closely associated with strategies of agricultural intensification, surplus production, changes in the organization and management of labor, and expanding regional exchange. We draw supporting data from several settlement systems and attempt to demonstrate that both exotic and labor-intensive commodities were restricted to political and economic centers. We then examine the distribution of one category of these materials, ceramics, through application of the "production step" measure. Our analysis suggests that access to highly decorated ceramic items was restricted to individuals residing at the largest centers. Traditional interpretations of the political organization of plateau region prehistoric groups stress their egalitarian qualities. We suggest that such interpretations be re-examined in the light of data and arguments presented here.

scholarly journals Partisipasi Politik Perempuan Perspektif Hukum Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Sri Warjiyati
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Participation Of Women

Abstract: This article discusses political participation of women from the perspective of Islamic law.  In paricular, it will highlights a women political organization called KPPI (Kaukus Politik Perempuan Indonesia or Indonesian political women caucus).  There are obstacles and challenges for improving women political participation due to personal, internal and external issues. For personal issues, the political awareness for women is relatively low which needs improvement. For internal perspective, not all available political parties gives space and opportunity for women political development, whereas externally, the improvement of women political participation is so limited that they do not participate in politics and do politics correctly. Islam provides equal opportunity for men and women in politics. This can be seen in many sex-neutral injunctions in the Holy Qur’an which commands amar ma’ruf nahi munkar (promote the good and prevent the evil).  This command encompasses all aspects of life, including politics and state issues. Women are also responsible in this respect. Based on that, Islam provide ground for women to actively in politics. Keywords: women political participation, Islamic Law   Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang partisipasi politik perempuan perspektif hukum Islam. Partisipasi politik perempuan di Indonesia tergabung pada Kaukus Politik Perempuan Indonesia (KPPI). Terdapat berbagai hambatan dan tantangan dalam upaya peningkatan partisipasi politik perempuan, baik secara personal, internal maupun eksternal. Secara personal, kesadaran berpolitik bagi perempuan relatif masih rendah, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan. Dari sisi internal, belum semua partai memberikan ruang dan kesempatan bagi pengembangan politik perempuan, sedangkan secara eksternal, peningkatan partisipasi politik perempuan masih mengalami banyak keterbatasan, sehingga perempuan masih relatif rendah untuk masuk dalam politik dan berpolitik secara benar. Islam memberikan kesempatan kepada kaum perempuan yang berkecimpung dalam kegiatan politik, ini bisa terlihat pada banyak ayat dalam al-Qur’an yang memerintahkan amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Ini berlaku untuk segala macam kegiatan, tidak terkecuali dalam bidang politik dan kenegaraan. Perempuan juga turut bertanggungjawab dalam hal ini. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perempuan dalam Islam juga memiliki hak untuk berpartisipasi dalam politik. Kata Kunci: partisipasi, politik, perempuan, hukum Islam.

scholarly journals The Parliament of the Republic of China

1914 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-562
Author(s):  
F. J. Goodnow
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Great Duration

A study of the history of China would serve to reveal the fact that notwithstanding the great duration of Chinese political life there has been comparatively speaking little change in the political organization of the country. With the exception of the abolition of, to use a European expression, the “feudal system” which existed for several centuries before about 200 B. C., Chinese history presents no instance of any important change in political forms.The character of the political organization which existed both prior and subsequent to the abolition of this “feudal system” was absolute monarchy, what is sometimes called autocracy. In this respect China differed little if any from other Asiatic peoples, whose great contribution to the political development of the human race has been the conception of an all powerful king or monarch in whom all the functions of government were concentrated.

Segmentation and Fission in Cape Nguni Political Units

Africa ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Hammond-Tooke
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
External Control ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Units ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe aim of this paper is to discuss certain aspects of the political organization of the Cape Nguni, with special reference to the formation of political units. Its preparation forms part of a larger study undertaken by the writer on the nature and direction of political development in the Transkeian Territories of the Republic of South Africa, which has culminated in the establishment of a system of what approximates to indirect rule based on indigenous structures, known as Bantu Authorities. It is one of the basic tenets of the study that in a situation in which indigenous populations are subjected to external control, and even more when traditional structures are themselves used as instruments of government, traditional premisses (to use a term of Maquet) must be taken into account. The acceptance, or otherwise, of authority must obviously depend to a large degree on traditional concepts of where authority resides, its sanctions, extent, and limitations. Some attempt at a reconstruction of the pattern of tribal governments as they were immediately before the imposition of White control was therefore necessary: this paper discusses a limited aspect of the problem—the formation of the political units themselves.

STILL A MONSTROSITY? SOME REFLECTIONS ON EARLY MODERN GERMAN STATEHOOD

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER H. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
German History ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Nation State ◽  
History Of

The German political scientist and philosopher, Samuel von Pufendorf, described the Holy Roman Empire in 1667 as a ‘monstrosity’, because it did not fit any of the recognized definitions of a state. The issue of the Empire's statehood has been the most important consideration in its historiography in recent decades: was it a state? If so, what kind? This review addresses these questions by examining how the debate on the Empire is related to wider controversies surrounding German history, the contemporary process of European integration, and about political organization in general. It explains how these debates are rooted in the political and religious disputes of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that still influence how the history of the Empire is written today. The four principal modern interpretations are identified and assessed: the Empire as a ‘failed nation state’, as a federation, and, more recently, as an ‘Empire-State’ or a ‘Central Europe of the Regions’. The piece concludes by offering a new explanatory framework to assess the Empire's political development.

scholarly journals Political Organization of the World in the Context of Contemporary Megatrends: Scenarios of Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Marina Lebedeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The World

Introduction. The article examines the scenarios of the political development of the world depending on the megatrends such as globalization, integration, democratization and the opposite trends – de-globalization, disintegration and de-democratization, as well as the current state of the political organization of the world, including the Westphalian system, the system of interstate relations (system of international relations) and political systems of the modern world states. Methods and materials. The political organization of the world is considered as a system consisting of three subsystems. In this regard, the main approach in the study is the systems approach. Scenario analysis is used as a research method. Analysis. Recently interest in scenarios of the political development of the world has sharply increased, which is reflected in the publications of many Russian and foreign authors. The scenarios of the political development of the world in the 21st century, after the crises associated with the terrorist attacks in 2001, the economic crisis that began in 2008 and the crisis in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, began to be discussed especially intensively. Most researchers consider such scenarios based on ideas about the possible configuration of interstate relations, i.e. parts of the system of international (interstate) relations. It is shown that this parameter of analysis is important, but insufficient. It is proposed to consider the scenarios of the political development of the world on the basis of how megatrends and trends alternative to them will act, as well as how the political organization of the world will develop. Results. Four parameters of scenario analysis are identified: 1) time parameter in actions of (mega) trends; 2) differentiated actions (mega) trends in many indicators of economic and social interaction; 3) configuration of the leading states in the international arena (part of the system of international relations). This parameter is widely used by various researchers; 4) an evolutionary (smooth) or revolutionary (through conflicts, crises, etc.) way of transforming the political organization of the world. The combination of development in these parameters (it is possible to single out additional parameters) gives a picture of world politics in the future.

Reconsideration of the Research Trajectory on the Carceral State

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-207
Author(s):  
Juliette Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Development ◽  
American Political Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Research Production ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
And Control

For decades, both incarceration and research on the topic have proliferated. Disciplines within the Western sciences have studied the topic of incarceration through their respective lenses. Decades of data reflect trends and consequences of the carceral state, and based on that data the various disciplines have put forth arguments as to how the trends and consequences are of relevance to their respective fields of study. The research trajectory of incarceration research, however, overlooks the assumptions behind punishment and control and their institutionalization that produce and maintain the carceral state and its study. This omission of assumptions facilitates a focus on outcomes that serve to reinforce Western perspectives, and it contributes to the overall stagnation in the incarceration research produced in Western disciplines. An assessment of the study of the carceral state within the mainstream of American Political Development in the political science discipline provides an example of how the research framework contributes to the overall stagnation, even though the framework of the subfield allows for an historical institutionalization perspective. The theoretical perspectives of Cedric J. Robinson reveal the limits of Western lenses to critically assess the state. The alternative framework he provides to challenge the limits imposed on research production by Western perspectives applies to the argument presented here concerning the limitations that hamper the study of the carceral state.

Police Department and Slavophil Political Discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Lyubov V. Ulyanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes the political discourse of the officials of the main political surveillance structure, – the Police Department, – in the period of 1880s (organization of the Department) and until October, 1905, when the Western-type Constitution project finally prevailed. The comparative analysis of the conceptual instruments (“Constitutionalists”, “Oppositionists”, “Radicals”, “Liberals”) typically used in the Police Department allows one to come o the conclusion that the leaders of the Russian empire political police did not follow the “reactionary and protective” discourse, did not share its postulates, but preferred the moderate-liberal-conservative path of political development. Along with that, the Police Department also demonstrated loyal attitude to zemsky administration and zemsky figures, covert criticism of “bureaucratic mediastinum”, the tendency to come to an agreement with public figures through personal negotiations, intentional omittance of reactionary and protective repressive measures in preserving autocracy. All this allows to come to the conclusion that the officials of the Police Department shares Slavophil public and political doctrine.

THE CONCEPT OF "HUMAN RIGHTS" IN THE SOCIO-POLITICAL SCIENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Farhod Khatamov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This scientific article analyzes the origin of the concept of "human rights", its historical evolution and role in the political development of society. Scientific conclusions were made by summarizing the interpretations of various periods and historical stages. The study also emphasizes that the protection of human rights and freedoms occupies a special place in the development of human civilization

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