A Middle Formative Irrigation System near Santa Clara Coatitlan in the Basin of Mexico

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah L. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
Basin Of Mexico ◽  
Middle Formative ◽  
The Relationship

A major theoretical issue in studies of prehistoric societies in the Basin of Mexico concerns the relationship between irrigation and the development of prehistoric settlement systems. Locating and dating the remains of prehistoric water control systems, however, presents a major methodological problem. The discovery of a series of stratified prehistoric canals in the exposed profiles of contemporary borrow pits near Santa Clara Coatitlan provided an excellent opportunity for dating a prehistoric irrigation system. Results of recent excavations, reported on in this paper, demonstrate that these canals are part of a middle Formative floodwater irrigation system, which is the earliest confirmed evidence, to date, for the use of irrigation in the Basin of Mexico.

A Prehispanic Irrigation System near Santa Clara Xalostoc in the Basin of Mexico

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Sanders ◽  
Robert S. Santley
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cultural Ecology ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Basin Of Mexico ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
Canal Systems

AbstractA major theoretical issue in studies of the cultural ecology of Central Mexico has been the role of irrigation in the evolution of the state in that area. A major methodological problem has been the location and dating of prehistoric canal systems. A recent discovery near Xalostoc, of a stratified canal system (representing three distinct periods) in the exposed profiles of contemporary adobe extraction pits, offers an ideal situation for dating of prehistoric canals. All three are apparently Pre-Coyotlatelco in date and the settlement history suggests that some of them are contemporary with Teotihuacan.

LYSIMETERS WITH RAINFALL AND SOIL WATER CONTROL

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. KRISTENSEN ◽  
H. C. ASLYNG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Radiation Equipment ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Growth Experiments

The lysimeter installation described comprises 36 concrete tanks each with a soil surface of 4 m2. The installation is useful for plant growth experiments under natural conditions involving different treatment combined with various controlled water supplies. The ground installation is at least 20 cm below the soil surface and tillage can be done with field implements. The lysimeter tanks are provided with a drainage system which can drain the soil at the bottom (100 cm depth) to a tension of up to 100 cm. A constant ground-water table at less than 100 cm soil depth can also be maintained. The soil moisture content at different depths is determined from an underground tunnel by use of gamma radiation equipment in metal tubes horizontally installed in the soil. Rainfall is prevented by a movable glass roof automatically operated and controlled by a special rain sensor. Water is applied to the soil surface with a special trickle irrigation system consisting of a set of plastic tubes for each lysimeter tank and controlled from the tunnel. Fertilizers in controlled amount can be applied with the irrigation water.

Neural network modeling of the efficiency of response to emergency situations in a multi-level control system

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
N. G. Topolsky ◽  
◽  
S. Y. Butuzov ◽  
V. Y. Vilisov ◽  
V. L. Semikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. It is important to have models that adequately describe the relationship between the integral indicators of the functioning of the system with the particular indicators of the lower levels of management in complex control systems, in particular in RSChS. Traditional approaches based on normative models often turn out to be untenable due to the impossibility of covering all aspects of the functioning of such systems, as well as due to the high variability of the environment and the values of the set of target indicators. Recently, adaptive machine-learning models have proven to be productive, allowing build stable and adequate models, one of the variants of which is artificial neural networks (ANN), based on the solution of inverse problems using expert estimates. The relevance of the study lies in the development of compact models that allow assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of complex multi-level control systems (RSChS) in emergency situations, developing according to complex scenarios, in which emergencies of various types can occur simultaneously. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the article is to build and test the technology for creating compact models that are adequate to the system of indicators of the functioning of hierarchically organized control systems. This goal gives rise to the task of choosing tools for constructing the necessary models and sources of initial data. Methods. The research tools include methods for analyzing hierarchical systems, mathematical statistics, machine learning methods of ANN, simulation modeling, expert assessment methods, software systems for processing statistical data. The research is based on materials from domestic and foreign publications. Results and discussion. The proposed technology for constructing a neural network model of the effectiveness of the functioning of complex hierarchical systems provides a basis for constructing dynamic models of this type, which make it possible to distribute limited financial and other resources during the operation of the system according to a complex scenario of emergency response. Conclusion. The paper presents the results of solving the problem of constructing an ANN and its corresponding nonlinear function, reflecting the relationship between the performance indicators of the lower levels of the hierarchical control system (RSChS) with the upper level. The neural network model constructed in this way can be used in the decision support system for resource management in the context of complex scenarios for the development of emergency situations. The use of expert assessments as an information basis makes it possible to take into account numerous target indicators, which are extremely difficult to take into account in other ways. Keywords: emergency situations, hierarchical control system, efficiency, artificial neural network, expert assessments

scholarly journals Encompassing the Sacrifice: On the Narrative Construction of the Significant Past in the Sanskrit Mahābhārata

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Orientation ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Sacrifice

Cardiff University The Mahābhārata has, for millennia, been pivotal to processes of the construction of ideas of the cosmic and social past in South Asia. The text has also been of critical importance in establishing connections between Vedic and post-Vedic cosmic and social self-understandings. The key theoretical issue that underlies both these roles is of the nature of the relationship between narrative and the construction of forms of significant social knowledge in human social groups. The investigation of this relationship presents challenges to received conceptions of culture, history and structure within the academic disciplines of both Anthropology and History. Thisstudy explores the complex orientation to the past evident in the Sanskrit Mahābhārata. It also addresses the relationship between ideas of the past and issues of self-presentation in the text. I argue that the text constitutes itself as a ‘reflective’ or ‘theoretical’ technology in early South Asian religious discourse and that this strategy is intimately related to antecedent Vedic forms of knowledge and practice. I argue that this understanding of the text can shed light on wider processes in the formation and consolidation of Sanskritic knowledge systems in early South Asia. I also suggest that the example of the Mahābhārata can help refine more general theoretical orientations to the relationship between narrative, history and culture.

Well-Being in Practice and Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-73
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
The People ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research focuses on the concept of well-being, aiming to systematize it and obtain design guidelines. In latest years, various building certification systems have arisen, which, although used for ex post evaluations, contain, specularly, design guidelines. In a first phase the concept of well-being was intended on a global scale, linked to the pitfalls of pollution and consumption of resources, so design guidelines and control systems developed within the construction industry to ensure the conservation of the environment and therefore the “well-being” and “health” of human communities. Having therefore developed certification systems measuring and evaluating the performance of buildings in relation to their impact on the environment and its resources, we are now faced with a shift of attention on a smaller scale, linked to the performance that buildings offer not so much with respect to the environment as to the people who live in them. This chapter explores the concepts behind such systems and the relationship between building certification systems and people's well-being.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Switched Control Systems Under Common-source Digital Upsets Modeled by MDHMM

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Yanxiao Li ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Youmin Zhang ◽  
Yigang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Redundant Design ◽  
Control Systems Design ◽  
The Relationship

This paper proposes the theoretical model to analyze the performance degradation of control systems subject to common-source digital upsets. In this paper, a multidimensional hidden Markov model (MDHMM) is used to characterize the correlated upsets and reveals the relationship between complex environments and stochastic random digital upsets injected into the control systems. These digital upsets coming from artificial complex environments are operated on distributed redundant processing controllers. Furthermore, this paper develops the theoretical analysis model for performance degradation of control systems under common-source digital interferences modeled by MDHMM. Theoretical estimations for different redundant configurations are analyzed. Then corresponding simulation verifications for a specific control system are also conducted in details and compared with the theoretical analysis results. These analyses can help to select an optimal redundant design and provide an example for control systems design. This analysis also helps to balance the performance of system, reliability of system, and costs of system design in applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document