Archaeological Data Banks in Theory and Practice

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Scholtz ◽  
Robert G. Chenhall
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Data Banks

Although archaeologists have experimented with computers since the early 1960s, with a few exceptions, the concept of an archaeological data bank has not been readily accepted. The authors believe that data banks can be usable tools, but that they will be used only if they are designed to satisfy realistic and precisely defined needs, and only if adequate consideration is given to data structures, human problems, and theoretical issues. Just finding the right computer system is not enough.

Art, Idleness and Food: The Ethics of War Communism and the Origins of Production Art, 1918–1919

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-287
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Theory Of Production

The article examines the impact of the discourses concerning idleness and food on the formation of “production art” in the socio-political context of revolutionary Petrograd. The author argues that the development of the theory and practice of this early productionism was closely related to the larger political, social and ideological processes in the city. The Futurists, who were in the epicenter of Petrograd politics during the Civil War (1918–1921), were well acquainted with both of the discourses mentioned, and they contrasted the idleness of the old art with the dedicated labor of the “artist-proletarians” whom they valued as highly as people in the “traditional” working professions. And the search for the “right to exist” became the most important goal in a starving city dominated by the ideology of radical communism. The author departs from the prevailing approach in the literature, which links the artistic thought of the Futurists to Soviet ideology in its abstract, generalized form, and instead elucidates ideological influences in order to consider the early production texts in their immediate social and political contexts. The article shows that the basic concepts of production art (“artist-proletarian,” “creative labor,” etc.) were part of the mainstream trends in the politics of “red Petrograd.” The Futurists borrowed the popular notion of the “commune” for the title of their main newspaper but also worked with the Committees of the Rural Poor and with the state institutions for procurement and distribution. They took an active part in the Fine Art Department of Narkompros (People’s Commissariat of Education). The theory of production art was created under these conditions. The individualistic protest and “aesthetic terror” of pre-revolutionary Futurism had to be reconsidered, and new state policy measures were based on them. The harsh socio-economic context of war communism prompted artists to rethink their own role in the “impending commune.” Further development of these ideas led to the Constructivist movement and strongly influenced the extremely diverse trends within the “left art” of the 1920s.

Universal Health Coverage

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
Universal Health

This chapter explores the seminal topic of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), an objective within the Sustainable Development goals. It reviews the theory and definitions that shape the current conversation on UHC. The movement from selective primary health care to UHC demonstrates a global commitment to the progressive realization of the right to health. However, access to UHC is limited by barriers to care, inadequate provision of care, and poor-quality services. To deliver UHC, it is critical to align inputs in the health system with the burden of disease. Quality of care must also be improved. Steady, sufficient financing is needed to achieve the laudable goal of UHC.This chapter highlights some important steps taken by countries to expand access to quality health care. Finally, the chapter investigates the theory and practice behind a morbidity-based approach to strengthening health systems and achieving UHC.

scholarly journals Characterization of Spatial Planning in Brazil: The Right to the City in Theory and Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rocco ◽  
Luciana Royer ◽  
Fábio Mariz Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Understanding the geography of affordable housing provided through land value capture: Evidence from England

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802199889
Author(s):  
Alexander Lord ◽  
Chi-Wan Cheang ◽  
Richard Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
Community Infrastructure

Governments the world over routinely undertake Land Value Capture (LVC) to recover some (or all) of the uplift in land values arising from the right to develop in order to fund infrastructure and public goods. Instruments to exact LVC are diverse but are usually implemented independently. However, since 2011 England has been experimenting with a dual approach to LVC, applying both a tariff-style levy to fund local infrastructure (the Community Infrastructure Levy) and negotiated obligations, used primarily to fund affordable housing (Section 106 agreements). In this article we employ a difference-in-differences (DID) method to identify the interaction of these two instruments available to local planning authorities. We explore the question of whether the Community Infrastructure Levy ‘crowds out’ affordable housing secured through Section 106 planning agreements. In so doing we show that the interaction of these two approaches is heterogeneous across local authorities of different types. This raises questions for understanding the economic geography of development activity and the theory and practice of Land Value Capture.

Navigating on the Information Highway

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold M. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Design Issues ◽  
Information Highway ◽  
Human Interface ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Design Guidance

The “information highway” is being created now, and the design task is monumental. Some of the most critical problems in designing a navigation environment have never been addressed before, and developers are demanding that either we (as human interface designers) supply answers now or they will make up their own answers. There is too little time and there are too few resources to fully explore interesting theoretical issues, and yet the results of such exploration (if on the right topics) could be critically important. This paper will review some of the practical design issues that Ameritech has identified as being important in defining a navigation environment, and approaches we have taken to those design issues. These approaches have been shaped by a lack of design guidance in some areas, and a finite set of resources (especially time). The paper will also identify directions where research would be useful, and time frames during which the results will still be valuable.

Neuroanatomical Hippocampal Structures and Heritability of Hippocampal Volume in Relation to Memory

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaughnelene Smith
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Right

The goal of this project was to investigate the genetic heritability of hippocampal volume using twin pairs and assess the neuroanatomical structures of the hippocampus and how these properties relate to memory in humans. Data for this project was obtained from the Human Connectome Project: a data bank established to provide neural images to the public. MRI scans were used to obtain brain images of each of the participants and basic cognitive tasks were used to obtain memory ability. To date, 506 subjects have been analyzed: 66 monozygotic twin pairs, 44 dizygotic twin pairs, and 47 sibling pairs. The data collection for of this project was three-fold. First, segmentations were performed to calculate the volume of the anterior and posterior regions of the hippocampus. Secondly, the magnitudes of hippocampus dentations were recorded within the three segments – the head, body, and tail – of the hippocampus. Lastly, visual inspection was used to asses incomplete inversions, which was defined as an atypical anatomical pattern in the hippocampus. The results of this project showed a strong heritability observed on the right anterior hippocampus (hb2=1.365) and right amygdala (hb2=1.315), moderate heritability observed on the left posterior hippocampus (hb2=0.765), and weak heritability observed on the right posterior hippocampus (hb2=0.2654). This indicates that hippocampal volumetric heritability showed strong genetic control for the right hemisphere and strong environmental control for the left hemisphere. The project is still in the process of correlating the anatomical structures to the memory capabilities of the participants. 

The Case for Repealing the Second Amendment? The Historical Barriers to Constitutional Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-607
Author(s):  
David T. Konig
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Right ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Popular Constitutionalism

The controversy surrounding the Second Amendment—“the right of the people to keep and bear arms”—is, to a large extent, historical in nature, redolent of other matters in this country’s legal and constitutional past. But the historical analogies that might support the Amendment’s repeal do not permit easy conclusions. The issue demands that legal historians venture beyond familiar territory to confront unavoidable problems at the intersection of theory and practice and of constitutional law and popular constitutionalism. An interdisciplinary analysis of Lichtman’s Repeal the Second Amendment illuminates the political, legal, and constitutional dimensions—as well as the perils—of undertaking the arduous amending process permitted by Article V of the U.S. Constitution.

Termination of the employment contract on the initiative of the employee: questions of theory and practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
I.A. Shuvalova
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Labor Disputes ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Current Reality

Termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employee entails a lot of controversial practical and theoretical issues. The article presents the procedure of voluntary dismissal, taking into account the current reality. Examples of judicial practice that demonstrate ambiguity in the resolution of labor disputes in certain situations are given.

How to Improve Remanufacturing?—A Systematic Analysis of Practices and Theories

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiko Sakao ◽  
Erik Sundin
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Fishbone Diagram ◽  
Cause And Effect Analysis ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Company

Remanufacturing has gained attention from industry, but the literature lacks the scientific comprehension to realize efficient remanufacturing. This hinders a company from commencing or improving remanufacturing efficiently. To fill this gap, the paper proposes a set of practical success factors for remanufacturing. To do so, it analyzes remanufacturing practices in industry through interviews with staff from remanufacturing companies with long experience. The practical success factors are found to be (1) addressing product and component value, (2) having a customer-oriented operation, (3) having an efficient core acquisition, (4) obtaining the correct information, and (5) having the right staff competence. Next, the paper further analyzes remanufacturing processes theoretically with both cause and effect analysis and means-ends analysis. Since the factors show that, among other things, the product/service system (PSS) is highly relevant to remanufacturing in multiple ways, theories on the PSS are partly utilized. As a result, the distinctive nature of remanufacturing underlying in the processes is found to have high variability, high uncertainty and, thus, also complexity. The obtained insights from practice and theory are found to support each other. In addition, a fishbone diagram for remanufacturing is proposed based on the analysis, including seven m's, adding two new m's (marketing and maintenance) on top of the traditional five m's (measurement, material, human, method, and machine) in order to improve customer value. The major contribution of the paper lies in its insights, which are grounded in both theory and practice.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Dzhukh ◽  
Olha Mykhailenko ◽  
Maria Alipatova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Right

Any business entity in a competitive environment must assess the degree of its own competitiveness in order to function effectively and assess its prospects for the future. Having information about personal competitive positions, industrial firms have the opportunity to reveal their advantages, choose the right tactics of behavior and strategy, true to the realities of the latest market processes. The basis of competitive advantages of enterprises is the socio-economic and progressive technological and organizational base, the ability to analyze and take timely measures to strengthen competitive advantages. The article analyzes ways to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises. At the current stage of development of the national economy, the main issue to be addressed is the development of effective facilitators and mechanisms that will increase the competitiveness of domestic producers in the market and will guarantee the overall strengthening of Ukraine’s economic situation. The purpose of the article is to identify ways to increase the competitiveness of the enterprise. Compare the tools that allow you to find your weaknesses, the elimination of which can increase the competitiveness of the organization. The strategic goal is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic economy through innovation, which will create advantages for domestic producers to compete with opponents in domestic and international markets, and help Ukraine to take one of the first places among developed countries. Competitiveness is a key concept that is actively used in theory and practice of management, is a multifaceted concept, which translated from Latin means rivalry, the struggle to achieve the best results. This opens for Ukraine the possibility of transition to world standards of rational and reasonable energy consumption, development of natural resources, raising the level of technology, legal protection of intellectual property. The ultimate goal of these shifts is to create progressive and competitive innovative products on world markets. It should be noted that in the context of globalization and ever-increasing competition, the basis of competitiveness is innovation, which allows countries with innovative competitive advantages to take their rightful place in the world community.

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