The Young Male Adolescent's Perception of Early Child-Rearing Behavior: The Differential Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Family Size

Sociometry ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Scheck ◽  
Robert Emerick
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Early Child ◽  
Differential Effects

Risk Factors Associated with Failure to Receive Vaccinations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Marks ◽  
Thomas J. Halpin ◽  
John J. Irvin ◽  
Deane A. Johnson ◽  
John R. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Basic Series ◽  
To Receive

A major purpose of a state-wide survey to document the vaccination status of 1,003 2-year-old children was to identify factors associated with failure to receive the recommended vaccinations. With a basic series of immunization defined as three doses of diphtheriatetanus-pertussis (DTP), three oral polio vaccine (OPV), one measles, and one rubella, 72.5% of the children had completed the series. When the completed series was redefined to include a fourth DTP and mumps vaccine the rate of completion dropped to 40.8%. However, 59.1% of the children who had not completed this optimal series could be brought up-to-date with a single visit to their provider of medical care. Demographic variables independently associated with completion of the basic series were increased paternal education (P < .001), increased maternal education (P < .02), smaller family size (P < .01) and higher socioeconomic status, as determined by census tract or rural town of residence (P < .02). Race was not found to be a factor associated with vaccination rates when socioeconomic status was controlled. Patients who received their vaccinations from private physicians had a better vaccination rate than those who attended health department clinics. This difference persisted even when socioeconomic status was controlled by residence (P < .02). The simultaneous comparison of parental education and family size demonstrated that a child having one parent with < 12 years education or having at least three siblings has a fourfold greater risk of failure to complete his immunization than children whose parents are both college graduates. By using paternal and maternal education level and family size as screening variables, children at high risk for failure to complete their immunizations could be identified prospectively and made the target of intervention programs to improve compliance.

Resources for health: Differential effects of optimistic self-beliefs and social support according to socioeconomic status.

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Schöllgen ◽  
Oliver Huxhold ◽  
Benjamin Schüz ◽  
Clemens Tesch-Römer
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Differential Effects

scholarly journals Adult Suicide Mortality in the United States: Marital Status, Family Size, Socioeconomic Status, and Differences by Sex

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1167-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. Denney ◽  
Richard G. Rogers ◽  
Patrick M. Krueger ◽  
Tim Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Family Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suicide Mortality

Raising strong, solid Koolunga: values and beliefs about early child development among Perth’s Aboriginal community

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Clair Scrine ◽  
Brad Farrant ◽  
Carol Michie ◽  
Carrington Shepherd ◽  
Michael Wright
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Early Child Development ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Child And Family Services ◽  
Early Child

AbstractThere is a paucity of published information about conceptions of Aboriginal child rearing and development among urban dwelling Nyoongar/Aboriginal people in Australia. We detail the unique findings from an Aboriginal early child development research project with a specific focus on the Nyoongar/Aboriginal community of Perth, Western Australia. This research significantly expands the understanding of a shared system of beliefs and values among Nyoongar people that differ in important ways from those of the broader Australian (Western) society. Consistent with the findings of research with other Aboriginal groups in Australia, and internationally, our work challenges assumptions underpinning a range of early childhood development policies and highlights the implications of cultural biases and misunderstandings among non-Aboriginal professionals in child and family services, education and other settings.

scholarly journals Dental pain, socioeconomic status, and dental caries in young male adults from southern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1416-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Dornelles Bastos ◽  
Lincon Hideo Nomura ◽  
Marco Aurélio Peres
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Dental Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Prevalence

The aim of this study was to assess dental pain prevalence and its association with dental caries and socioeconomic status in 18-year-old males from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample (n = 414) selected from the Brazilian Army conscription list in 2003. Dental pain during the 12 months prior to the interview was recorded as the outcome. Socioeconomic data were obtained through a questionnaire. Dental caries experience was registered according to the DMFT Index. Analyses included simple and multiple non-conditional logistic regression following a hierarchical approach. Response rate was 95.6%. High rates of inter-examiner agreement were achieved (kappa > 0.83). Dental pain prevalence was 21.2% (95%CI: 17.3-25.1). After adjustment, individuals with one or more untreated caries were 3.2 times more likely (95%CI: 1.7-5.8) to have dental pain compared to caries-free subjects. Conscripts with low family income were 1.8 times more likely (95%CI: 1.0-3.3) to have dental pain than those with higher income.

Perception of Cross-Generational Differences in Child Behavior and Parent Socialization: A Mixed-Method Interview Study With Grandmothers in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Zhou ◽  
Wai Ying Vivien Yiu ◽  
Michael Shengtao Wu ◽  
Patricia M. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Child Behaviors ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Parent Socialization ◽  
Child Autonomy ◽  
And Control

China, having gone through rapid economic reform, supported by urbanization, educational expansion, and family size reduction over past decades, is an important part of a worldwide sociodemographic trend that can be summarized as a shift from community/ Gemeinschaft to society/ Gesellschaft. Correlated with this sociodemographic trend, our qualitative and quantitative analyses document intergenerational change in grandmothers’ perception of socializing environments and developmental pathways of Chinese children. Grandmothers from Beijing ranked (a) three generations of children at ages 4 to 6 in their families (themselves, their children, and their grandchildren) on autonomy, curiosity, self-expression, obedience, and shyness and (b) three generations of parents in their families (their parents, themselves, and their children) on child-rearing behaviors: support, praise, criticism, and control. As predicted, we found an intergenerational increase in perceived child autonomy, curiosity, and self-expression—individualistic traits adapted to Gesellschaft environments. Also as predicted, perceived child obedience and shyness, adapted to Gemeinschaft environments, declined across the generations. Related changes in reported child-rearing behaviors were also expected and found: Grandmothers judged that parental support and praise (promotion socialization), which foster individuated self-development, increased significantly, although the pattern of parental criticism and control (prevention socialization) was less clear. Promotion-based socialization strategies were found to serve as a partial mediator of intergenerational differences in individualistic child behaviors. Results suggest that the younger generations exhibit more promotion-based socialization, leading to more individualistic child traits, as they adapt to China’s more Gesellschaft ecology, comprising urbanization, formal education, and smaller family size.

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