The Wiccomiss Indians of Maryland

1938 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
William B. Marye
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Delaware Bay ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Freshwater Streams ◽  
Tidal Rivers

That part of Maryland which lies east of the Chesapeake Bay has always, since the founding of the colony (1634), been known as the Eastern Shore; so, too, the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Most of it is a flat country of tidal rivers occupying “drowned valleys” into the heads of which flow sluggish freshwater streams. A low divide, or height of land, separates streams emptying into the Chespeake from streams flowing into the sounds of the Atlantic Ocean, or into Delaware Bay.

A South You Never Ate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard L. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Personal Observation ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Hampton Roads ◽  
Assateague Island ◽  
Restaurant Owners

Nestled between the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, and stretching from Hampton Roads to Assateague Island, Virginia's Eastern Shore is a distinctly southern place with an exceptionally southern taste. Four centuries of encounter, imagination, and invention continue to shape the foodways of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, melding influences from Indigenous peoples, European migrants, enslaved and free West Africans, and more recent newcomers. Herman reveals how local ingredients and the cooks who have prepared them for the table have developed a distinctly American terroir--the flavors of a place experienced through its culinary and storytelling traditions. This terroir flourishes even as it confronts challenges from climate change, declining fish populations, and farming monoculture. Herman reveals this resilience through the recipes and celebrations that hold meaning, not just for those who live there but for all those folks who sit at their tables--and other tables near and far. Blending personal observation, history, memories of harvests and feasts, and recipes, Herman tells of life along the Eastern Shore through the eyes of its growers, watermen, oyster and clam farmers, foragers, church cooks, restaurant owners, and everyday residents.

Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Delaware Bay ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Abundance Estimate ◽  
Abundance Estimates

<em>Abstract.</em>—This paper analyzes historical abundances of spawning stocks of Atlantic sturgeon <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus</em> during the late nineteenth century, when peak United States harvest of Atlantic sturgeon occurred (3,200 metric tons in 1888). The advent of preparation methods for caviar, transportation networks that allowed export of caviar to Europe, improvements in fishing technology, and development of a domestic smoked sturgeon market caused rapid emergence of an Atlantic sturgeon industry after the Civil War. The industry originated and was centered in the Delaware Bay, which supported the most abundant population on the U.S. East Coast. Important fisheries also developed in the Chesapeake Bay, the Carolinas, and Georgia. Caviar was the principal marketable product of the fishery and large females were targeted, resulting in fisheries collapse at the turn of the century. No substantial resurgence of Atlantic sturgeon landings has occurred in the twentieth century. A previous analysis of U.S. Fish Commission catch and effort records for the Delaware Bay fishery provided an estimate of 180,000 females prior to 1890. The Delaware Bay abundance estimate was extrapolated to other states by calculating the mean level of each state’s contribution to U.S. yields during the period 1880–1901. This approach led to abundance estimates of 29,000 for the Southern States (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida), 20,000 for the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, Virginia), 180,000 for the Delaware Bay, and 6,000 for the Hudson River (New York). Although the approaches used to estimate historical biomass and abundance contain untested assumptions and biases, the dominance of the Delaware Bay population in comparison to others is in part confirmed by the industry that developed there. Given the uncertainty in abundance estimates, conservative benchmarks are proposed of 10,000 females each, for systems that previously supported important fisheries.

Panfish

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Bernard L. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Place

Panfish on the Eastern Shore of Virginia simply refers to a host of small fish that include spot, croaker, sand mullet, jumping mullet, hogfish, swelling toads, and more. The idea of the panfish relies on four characteristics: size (they fit whole into a skillet), status (they tend to be associated with less desirable fish—often linked to qualities of oiliness or boniness), procurement (although netted, seined, or trapped commercially, panfish are commonly associated with amateur angling), and preparation (largely fried). In essence, panfish, spot in particular, are notable for their everydayness, remarkable only in the moments of their absence. The spot's culinary associations are tightly knit into the history of place. This chapter explores that connection through documentary evidence, oral history, local foodways, and the Chesapeake Bay fishery.

scholarly journals Enhanced dry deposition of nitrogen pollution near coastlines: A case study covering the Chesapeake Bay estuary and Atlantic Ocean coastline

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (23) ◽  
pp. 14,221-14,238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Loughner ◽  
Maria Tzortziou ◽  
Shulamit Shroder ◽  
Kenneth E. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution

scholarly journals Uncultivated Viral Populations Dominate Estuarine Viromes on the Spatiotemporal Scale

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Sun ◽  
Yuanchao Zhan ◽  
David Marsan ◽  
David Páez-Espino ◽  
Lanlan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Delaware Bay ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Single Molecule Sequencing ◽  
Viral Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Viral Sequences

ABSTRACT Viruses are ubiquitous and abundant in the oceans, and viral metagenomes (viromes) have been investigated extensively via several large-scale ocean sequencing projects. However, there have not been any systematic viromic studies in estuaries. Here, we investigated the viromes of the Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay, two Mid-Atlantic estuaries. Deep sequencing generated a total of 48,190 assembled viral sequences (>5 kb) and 26,487 viral populations (9,204 virus clusters and 17,845 singletons), including 319 circular viral contigs between 7.5 kb and 161.8 kb. Unknown viruses represented the vast majority of the dominant populations, while the composition of known viruses, such as pelagiphage and cyanophage, appeared to be relatively consistent across a wide range of salinity gradients and in different seasons. A difference between estuarine and ocean viromes was reflected by the proportions of Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and a few well-studied virus representatives. The difference in viral community between the Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay is significantly more pronounced than the difference caused by temperature or salinity, indicating strong local profiles caused by the unique ecology of each estuary. Interestingly, a viral contig similar to phages infecting Acinetobacter baumannii (“Iraqibacter”) was found to be highly abundant in the Delaware Bay but not in the Chesapeake Bay, the source of which is yet to be identified. Highly abundant viruses in both estuaries have close hits to viral sequences derived from the marine single-cell genomes or long-read single-molecule sequencing, suggesting that important viruses are still waiting to be discovered in the estuarine environment. IMPORTANCE This is the first systematic study about spatial and temporal variation of virioplankton communities in estuaries using deep metagenomics sequencing. It is among the highest-quality viromic data sets to date, showing remarkably consistent sequencing depth and quality across samples. Our results indicate that there exists a large pool of abundant and diverse viruses in estuaries that have not yet been cultivated, their genomes only available thanks to single-cell genomics or single-molecule sequencing, demonstrating the importance of these methods for viral discovery. The spatiotemporal pattern of these abundant uncultivated viruses is more variable than that of cultured viruses. Despite strong environmental gradients, season and location had surprisingly little impact on the viral community within an estuary, but we saw a significant distinction between the two estuaries and also between estuarine and open ocean viromes.

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