Geographical Differentiation of New Jersey Archaeological Material Inferred from Private Collections

1942 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Knowles
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Geographical Differentiation ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Aboriginal Culture ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Surface Nature ◽  
Enormous Quantity

The essentially surface nature of Eastern Woodlands sites has invited the accumulation of private collections. Likewise, in densely populated areas such as New Jersey and adjacent states, many sites have either been destroyed by building operations or have been subjected to repeated cultivation. As a result, an enormous quantity of archaeological material has been lost to scientific excavation. While archaeologists have realized that intensive collecting by private individuals has always followed the plow, little has been done but deplore and ignore this activity. In consequence of this attitude, there is a tendency to assume that the contents of excavated sites represent the range of aboriginal culture, especially when cultivation has not been practiced for several decades. Furthermore, the enormous quantity of material in collections has not been utilized to supplement the archaeological data obtained from excavations.

Surface surveys in the northern Troad and the identification of Çiğlitepe as ancient Arisbe

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurettin Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Ancient City

AbstractThe region known as the Troad in western Anatolia is famed not only as the setting of Homer's Iliad but also for the Hellespont strait (modern Çanakkale Boğazı) linking the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean. In addition to large cities such as Sigeum, Abydus and Lampsacus, ancient writers also mention smaller cities located on the Hellespont. In this article, the location of the ancient city of Arisbe, presumed to have existed between Abydus and Lampsacus, is examined in the light of new archaeological data. Between 2002 and 2010, the author conducted surveys in the northern Troad. These surveys revealed an ancient settlement with archaeological material belonging to the Late Bronze Age, late Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods. The location of this settlement, the archaeological data and information from ancient literary sources all indicate that this site should be identified as Arisbe.

Methods for the Descriptive Analysis of Archaeological Material

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gardin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Scientific Standards

AbstractMost studies on the use of punched cards and computers in archaeology seem to take for granted that scientific standards exist to express the data upon which algorithms are to be performed, for retrieval or classification purposes. The author's view is different; examples are given of descriptive codes which have been designed under his direction since 1955 for the storage of archaeological data (artifacts, abstract or figured representations, buildings, etc.) on punched cards of various kinds (marginal, peek-a-boo, IBM, etc.). In order to obviate the shortcomings of natural language, three categories of rules are required: orientation, segmentation, differentiation. The concluding remarks concern the relation of the descriptive languages which are thus obtained to scientific language in general; differences are stressed, as well as reasons for postulating a continuum from the former to the latter.

scholarly journals Decolonising and Displaying Ancient Palestine: Baron Plato von Ustinow’s Collection of Antiquities

CLARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kark ◽  
Astri Karine Lundgren ◽  
Laszlo Berczelly
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Private Collections

This paper examines how Plato von Ustinow (1833-1920/21), a Russian aristocrat and German baron, became one of the nineteenth century’s most prolific collectors of antiquities from Israel, Palestine and the surrounding areas. It investigates how Ustinow collected archaeological artefacts and displayed them in an ʽexhibition hallʼ located at his home Hôtel du Parc, in Jaffa (Tel Aviv), from 1878 to 1913. Until recently, Ustinow’s private museum has been interpreted in the light of cultural revitalisation, as well as a sentimental attempt to inspire research and provide educational resources. However, post-colonial studies demonstrate that during the nineteenth- and early twentieth centuries, scholars from Europe and the USA sought ʽproofʼ of past civilisations. Today, collections that were constructed from this kind of cultural material are considered problematic. Many heritage sites and items of global importance were destroyed, disturbed, pillaged, traded and included in public and private collections without contextual information. The present text takes a deep dive into the history and formation of the Ustinow collection, now in the Museum of Cultural Heritage in Oslo, seeking to recover (to the extent possible) the wealth of empirical evidence which can further elucidate archaeological material from the Near East.    

scholarly journals Re-integrating Archaeology: A Contribution to aDNA Studies and the Migration Discourse on the 3rd Millennium BC in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 115-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Furholt
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Sophisticated Model ◽  
Burial Rituals

Since aDNA research suggested a marked gene influx from Eastern into Central Europe in the 3rd millenniumbc, outdated, simplistic narratives of massive migrations of closed populations have re-appeared in archaeological discussions. A more sophisticated model of migration from the steppes was proposed recently by Kristiansenet al. As a reaction to that proposal, this paper aims to contribute to this ongoing debate by refining the latter model, better integrating archaeological data and anthropological knowledge. It is argued that a polythetic classification of the archaeological material in Central Europe in the 3rd millennium reveals the presence of a new complex of single grave burial rituals which transcends the traditional culture labels. Genetic steppe ancestry is mainly connected to this new kind of burials, rather than to Corded Ware or Bell Beaker materials. Here it is argued that a polythetic view on the archaeological record suggests more complicated histories of migration, population mixtures and interaction than assumed by earlier models, and ways to better integrate detailed studies of archaeological materials with a deeper exploration of anthropological models of mobility and social group composition and the molecular biological data are explored.

Middle Helladic Tombs at Nydri Plain, Lefkas Island. An Archaeological and Paleoanthropological Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Vivian Staikou
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Middle Helladic

The prehistoric record of Lefkas and the smaller neighboring islands is fairly extensive. The oldest archaeological material dates back to the Middle Palaeolithic period. The Neolithic period is also attested by archaeological finds in five caves. Even though Early (EH) and Middle Helladic (MH) periods have been known since the 1920s due to Dőrpfeld’s excavations, the archaeological data from the Late Bronze Age are scarce. A small Mycenaean tholos tomb has been excavated at Agios Nikitas, while several LH tumuli have been unearthed at the neighboring Meganissi Island.

scholarly journals Material Correlates Analysis (MCA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gantley ◽  
Harvey Whitehouse ◽  
Amy Bogaard
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Historical Resources ◽  
Integrate Data

ABSTRACTTheories developed and validated using ethnographic and historical resources are often difficult to examine using sparse or fragmentary archaeological material. However, a number of statistical techniques make it possible to integrate data from ethnographic, historical, and archaeological resources into a single analytical framework. This article introduces Material Correlates Analysis (MCA)—a new method of filling gaps in the archaeological data using a strategic combination of data collection, multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and generalized liner modeling. Generalized liner modeling is a particularly useful tool in formal inferential statistics for comparing a priori classified groups of historical and/or ethnographic (known) cases with archaeological (unknown) ones on the basis of relevant variables. MCA allows us to overcome the inherent material culture limitations regarding data on key variables by using available historical or ethnographic evidence to make statistically testable inferences regarding archaeological data. Using the Modes of Religiosity theory as an example, we demonstrate how major gaps in the evidentiary record can be overcome using the techniques we outline. Specifically, we use the MCA approach to ascertain whether the agricultural transition in southwest Asia was associated with a shift from an imagistic to an increasingly doctrinal mode of religiosity.

scholarly journals Porphyrogenitus` borders on Ister and Hungarian conquest period finds in Vojvodina

2015 ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Dejan Radicevic ◽  
Perica Spehar
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
Insight Into

Data from De administrando imperio covers Hungarian conquest, right after their arrival to the Carpathian plain and to the territories they settled. In order to describe the area of their inhabitance, author used well known facts and clear geographical marks. Territory defined in that manner encompassed modern Vojvodina, so an opinion was brought out in scientific literature that it was also included in the area of early Hungarian inhabitance. However, it appeares that in those speculations the archaeological data were not adequatelly used, so it is important to give more precise insight into the available archaeological material that can be tied to the earliest presence of Hungarian population in Vojvodina.

Archaeological and Other Evidence: A Fresh Look at the “Laurentian Iroquois”

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-440
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Trigger
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses

AbstractPrehistorians frequently must depend on archaeological evidence alone in forming judgments. It is evident from prehistoric studies, however, that difficulties are likely to arise when archaeological evidence is credited as being, of itself, a completely adequate basis for reconstructing every aspect of prehistory. This paper outlines the challenge that historical and linguistic evidence have posed to one explanation based solely on archaeological data. The problem concerns the ethnic identity of the so-called Laurentian Iroquois, who inhabited the St. Lawrence Valley in the 16th century. The archaeological material from this period has been identified as “Onondaga” or “Onondaga-Oneida,” but the vocabularies that were collected by early explorers in this area do not appear to be those of any of the languages of the Five Nations Iroquois. This particular confrontation of archaeological and linguistic evidence has resulted, not in the confirmation of current archaeological theories, but in the awareness of a broader range of alternative hypotheses than has been entertained hitherto.

The effects of surface absorbed monolayer microdiffraction patterns

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
M. Pan ◽  
J.M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Surface Potential ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Normal Direction ◽  
Surface Image ◽  
Extended Surface ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Surface Nature ◽  
Electron Microdiffraction

Electron microdiffraction patterns, obtained when a small electron probe with diameter of 10-15 Å is directed to run parallel to and outside a flat crystal surface, are sensitive to the surface nature of the crystals. Dynamical diffraction calculations have shown that most of the experimental observations for a flat (100) face of a MgO crystal, such as the streaking of the central spot in the surface normal direction and (100)-type forbidden reflections etc., could be explained satisfactorily by assuming a modified image potential field outside the crystal surface. However the origin of this extended surface potential remains uncertain. A theoretical analysis by Howie et al suggests that the surface image potential should have a form different from above-mentioned image potential and also be smaller by several orders of magnitude. Nevertheless the surface potential distribution may in practice be modified in various ways, such as by the adsorption of a monolayer of gas molecules.

The annealed (0001) α-alumina surface and its influence on thin-film growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
Michael W. Bench ◽  
Paul G. Kotula ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Thin Film Growth ◽  
Energy Calculations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Energy Electron ◽  
Surface Nature

The growth of semiconductors, superconductors, metals, and other insulators has been investigated using alumina substrates in a variety of orientations. The surface state of the alumina (for example surface reconstruction and step nature) can be expected to affect the growth nature and quality of the epilayers. As such, the surface nature has been studied using a number of techniques including low energy electron diffraction (LEED), reflection electron microscopy (REM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), molecular dynamics computer simulations, and also by theoretical surface energy calculations. In the (0001) orientation, the bulk alumina lattice can be thought of as a layered structure with A1-A1-O stacking. This gives three possible terminations of the bulk alumina lattice, with theoretical surface energy calculations suggesting that termination should occur between the Al layers. Thus, the lattice often has been described as being made up of layers of (Al-O-Al) unit stacking sequences. There is a 180° rotation in the surface symmetry of successive layers and a total of six layers are required to form the alumina unit cell.

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