A Chronological Problem Presented by Sandia Cave, New Mexico

1940 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley L. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Interesting Problem ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Ground Sloth ◽  
Made In

Sandia Cave is located in an escarpment of Pennsylvania limestone in Ellis Canyon, thirty miles northeast of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It presents an interesting problem in regard to the time when man existed in North America contemporaneously with the horse (equus?), the ground sloth (nothrotherium), and other extinct Pleistocene forms. In the United States, discoveries of artifacts with extinct mammals do not show necessarily that man existed in the Pleistocene or ice age, but may indicate that the mammals have survived that period and become extinct in more recent times. The best criteria for dating would be collections made in the glaciated areas and associated with glacial deposits. However, this is not always possible, and other means must be sought. Dating can be done to some degree of accuracy by the interpretation of climatic conditions that existed at the time the deposits were laid down.

A NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF COLEOPHORA FRISCHELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: COLEOPHORIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Pilley ◽  
R. A. Trieselmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
St Lawrence River ◽  
Made In

The first record of the occurrence in North America of the white-tipped clover case-moth, Coleophora frischella L., was made in June 1966 when a single adult was taken by Heinemann on Picton Island, N.Y., in the St. Lawrence River (Freeman, personal communication). Independently, Trieselmann collected the larvae from white sweet-clover, Melilotus alba Desr., on 28 July through to 8 August 1966 at many points around Pembroke, Ont. Detailed examinations made at two of the collection points indicated that between 15 and 20% of sweetclover seeds were damaged. Because of its potential economic significance, the authors wish to make the presence of this species known to agricultural entomologists in Canada and the United States.

scholarly journals I.—American “Surface Geology,” and its Relation to British. With some Remarks on the Glacial Conditions in Britain, especially in Reference to the “Great Ice Age” of Mr. James Geikie

1877 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 481-496
Author(s):  
Searles V. Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Surface Geology

From no part of the world have we of late years derived more additions to the Geological Record than from North America. Besides important additions to the earliest pages of that record, the rich collections made by the United States Surveyors, both of fauna and flora, from the Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene deposits, have thrown much light upon the life history of the Earth; and it is even contended that they have bridged over the interval which, notwithstanding the Maestricht beds, the Pisolitic, and the Faxoe Limestones, still remains sharply marked between the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of Europe so far as they have yet been examined.

scholarly journals First Record of Meloidogyne partityla on Pecan in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Nyczepir ◽  
C. C. Reilly ◽  
B. W. Wood ◽  
S. H. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Narrow Host Range

In July 2000, tree decline was observed in a commercial pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch) orchard in Crisp County, GA. Most affected trees exhibited dead branches in the upper canopy, stunted growth, and feeder roots with small galls and associated egg masses typical of root-knot nematode infection. All declining trees that were examined had root systems infected with a Meloidogyne sp. Efforts to culture the nematode on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Rutgers’) were unsuccessful. Identification of the nematode was determined by two laboratory procedures in March 2001. Female nematodes were teased from fresh pecan root galls of declining trees in Georgia, and identified by determining the esterase phenotype from replicate samples of single females compared with standard root-knot nematode species, including a population of M. partityla (3). Galled roots also were sent to New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, where mitochondrial DNA from specimens was extracted and compared with that from standard root-knot nematode species and known populations of M. partityla (2). Specimens had esterase phenotypes and DNA patterns consistent with M. partityla. Esterase phentoypes were inconsistent with M. incognita and M. arenaria, and DNA patterns were inconsistent with M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. hapla. Specimens at both locations were identified as M. partityla Kleynhans (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. partityla from Georgia and the third report of this nematode outside of South Africa. The first and second report of M. partityla from pecan in the United States occurred in Texas and New Mexico in 1996 and 2001, respectively (3,4). Our inability to culture the M. partityla-GA isolate on tomato substantiates previous experience with this nematode in the United States (3) and is not surprising, since this species has a host range limited to the Juglandaceae. Furthermore, M. partityla may be endemic to North America and not South Africa. It is believed this nematode entered South Africa on pecan seedling roots imported from the United States between 1912 and 1940 (1). The unusually narrow host range may explain why M. partityla has gone unrecognized for so long in the United States compared with the more common Meloidogyne spp. (i.e., M. incognita and M. arenaria) with wider host ranges found in pecan orchards. Determining the distribution of M. partityla within the major pecan-growing regions of Georgia and throughout North America is warranted. References: (1) K. P. N. Kleynhans. Phytophylactica 18:103, 1986. (2) T. O. Powers and T. S. Harris. J. Nematol. 25:1, 1993. (3) J. L. Starr et al. J. Nematol. 28:565, 1996. (4) S. H. Thomas et al. Plant Dis. 85:1030, 2001.

Agriculture and the Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Stoll
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Constant Factor ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Commercial Opportunity

During the Holocene, the present geological epoch, an increasing portion of humans began to manipulate the reproduction of plants and animals in a series of environmental practices known as agriculture. No other ecological relationship sustains as many humans as farming; no other has transformed the landscape to the same extent. The domestication of plants by American Indians followed the end of the last glacial maximum (the Ice Age). About eight thousand years ago, the first domesticated maize and squash arrived from central Mexico, spreading to every region and as far north as the subarctic boreal forest. The incursion of Europeans into North America set off widespread deforestation, soil depletion, and the spread of settlement, followed by the introduction of industrial machines and chemicals. A series of institutions sponsored publically funded research into fertilizers and insecticides. By the late 19th century, writers and activists criticized the technological transformation of farming as destructive to the environment and rural society. During the 20th century, wind erosion contributed to the depopulation of much of the Great Plains. Vast projects in environmental engineering transformed deserts into highly productive regions of intensive fruit and vegetable production. Throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, access to land remained limited to whites, with American Indians, African Americans, Latinas/os, Chinese, and peoples of other ethnicities attempting to gain farms or hold on to the land they owned. Two broad periods describe the history of agriculture and the environment in that portion of North America that became the United States. In the first, the environment dominated, forcing humans to adapt during the end of thousands of years of extreme climate variability. In the second, institutional and technological change became more significant, though the environment remained a constant factor against which American agriculture took shape. A related historical pattern within this shift was the capitalist transformation of the United States. For thousands of years, households sustained themselves and exchanged some of what they produced for money. But during the 19th century among a majority of American farmers, commodities took over the entire purpose of agriculture, transforming environments to reflect commercial opportunity.

Differential responses of biotypes of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), to a chemically defined diet

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2481-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Srivastava ◽  
J. L. Auclair
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Percent Increase

Four clones of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), collected from different regions in North America (St-Jean and Ile-aux-Coudres, Quebec, in Canada, and New Mexico and Kansas in the United States) were reared on an aseptic chemically defined diet and characterized into biotypes. The clones from St-Jean and Kansas appeared similar and represent one biotype, whereas those from New Mexico and Ile-aux-Coudres were different from each other, as well as from St-Jean and Kansas. Third-generation larvae were produced only by biotypes St-Jean and New Mexico; however, none of them reached the adult stage.The amount of diet ingested and its utilization by different clones also varied. In 24 h, the total diet ingested by flrst-instar larvae from St-Jean, Kansas, New Mexico, and Ile-aux-Coudres was 164,140, 112, and 65 μg per aphid respectively. During the same period the larvae increased their weights by 28, 13, 10, and 10% respectively. Total, or percent increase in weight, was however not proportional to the amount of diet ingested, thus reflecting on the relative efficiency of diet utilization by different clones.

FIRST REPORT OF ESTABLISHMENT OF CALOPHASIA LUNULA HUFN. (LEPEDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON DALMATIAN TOADFLAX, LINARIA GENISTIFOLIA SSP. DALMATICA (L.) MAIRE AND PETITMENGIN, IN NORTH AMERICA

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-768
Author(s):  
G.J. McDermott ◽  
R.M. Nowierski ◽  
J.M. Story
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yellow Toadflax ◽  
Dalmatian Toadflax ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Calophasia Lunula ◽  
Multiple Releases ◽  
Made In

The Eurasian noctuid, Calophasia lunula Hufn., was introduced into North America to control yellow toadflax, Linaria vulgaris Mill., and Dalmatian toadflax, L. genistifolia ssp. dalmatica (L.) Maire and Petitmengin. Larvae feed on the foliage of both toadflax species, but different strains of the moth appear to prefer either yellow or Dalmatian toadflax (Nowierski 1990). Calophasia lunula was first released against yellow toadflax in five Canadian provinces from 1962 to 1968 (Harris and Carder 1971). The moth has been established on yellow toadflax in Ontario since 1965, where it has defoliated up to 20% of the stems (Harris 1988). However, attempts to establish C. lunula on Dalmatian toadflax in Canada have been unsuccessful (Nowierski 1990). Initial releases of the moth in the United States were made in 1968 against both toadflax species with Ontario stock from yellow toadflax (Nowierski 1990). Since then, multiple releases of C. lunula have been made in six western states, including Montana (Story 1985), but until 1989 no establishment had been recorded on either toadflax species.

scholarly journals Modern Orthodoxy in the Forties

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Military Chaplaincy ◽  
Made In

This article examines trends in Modern Orthodoxy in North America in the 1940s. Canadian and American Orthodox rabbis and laypeople belonged to the same organizations, such as the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America and the Rabbinic Council of America (RCA). The major Orthodox rabbinic seminaries were located in the United States, and many Canadian rabbis were trained there. One of the issues the article addresses is Modern Orthodoxy’s issues with Traditional Orthodoxy, which - while newer on the scene in the 1940s - was beginning to make its mark. Orthodox leaders also took an active role in the war effort; the role of Orthodoxy was enhanced on the American scene by the contributions that the RCA made in the area of military chaplaincy. Orthodox leaders also took on a major role in the attempt to rescue European Jewry. Finally, just as there was a new role for America in Modern Orthodoxy, there was a new role for Zionism and Eretz Yisrael.

scholarly journals Notes on Stenochiini Kirby, 1837 genera and species from western North America (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Dugesiana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
M. Andrew Johnston ◽  
◽  
Kevin Cortés Hernández ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
North America ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Continental Divide ◽  
First Time ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The tribe Stenochiini Kirby, 1837 comprises six genera in North America with most species occurring in the tropical and temperateregions of the continent. Only two species in the genus Strongylium Kirby, 1818 have previously been reported from west of theContinental Divide in the United States from Arizona and New Mexico and no members of the tribe have been reported from the stateof Sonora, Mexico. We here report Strongylium tenuicolle (Say, 1826), known to be widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains,from west of the Continental Divide for the first time from both Arizona and New Mexico. We similarly report the first records ofboth Strongylium apache Triplehorn and Spilman, 1973 and Strongylium atrum Champion, 1888 from Sonora. Oploptera chamelensis(Doyen, 1990) was previously known only from the type series from Jalisco, Mexico and is here reported from Sonora, which thereby extends the known range of this genus significantly. To promote consistency in generic recognition, we propose the transfer of Oploptera simplicicollis (LeConte, 1878) New Combination from Strongylium for the species distributed across the southeastern United States. Species diagnoses are given, and generic boundaries are discussed along with the expected diversity of the Sonoran Desert region.

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