Public Opinion and Archaeological Heritage: Views from Outside the Profession

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pokotylo ◽  
Neil Guppy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Legislative Measures

A survey of public opinion on archaeological heritage in British Columbia, Canada, focused on five main areas: knowledge of archaeology, interest and participation in archaeology, the role of archaeology in modern society, awareness and support of heritage conservation initiatives, and Aboriginal stewardship of the archaeological record. Public opinion data collected from a random sample of 963 residents of the greater Vancouver metropolitan area indicate a high level of interest and support for archaeology and heritage conservation, but also a high level of misunderstanding about the archaeological record and current legislative measures to protect it. In contrast to recent changes in legislation and initiations within the discipline, public attitude towards Aboriginal stewardship of archaeological resources is generally negative. Education, age, and gender are significant factors affecting differences in opinion.

scholarly journals Dysfunction of Self-Control in Facebook Addiction: Impulsivity Is the Key

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Cudo ◽  
Małgorzata Torój ◽  
Marcin Demczuk ◽  
Piotr Francuz
Keyword(s):  
Female Gender ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
State Orientation ◽  
Facebook Addiction ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

AbstractFacebook is one of the most popular social network sites and communication platforms. However, besides many positive elements related to the use of this network site, in some cases it may lead to addiction. Therefore, the main aim of our study was to identify Facebook addiction predictors, in particular, to verify whether impulsivity, as a dimension of self-control, is an important predictor of this type of addiction. We also examined whether Facebook addiction predictors such as time spent using Facebook, use of Facebook smartphone apps, state orientation and female gender would be significant in our model of Facebook addiction. The 234 participants in the study were assessed using the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, the Brief Self-Control Scale and the Action Control Scale. Impulsivity as a dimension of self-control, action control, amount of time spent on Facebook, Facebook app use and gender were found to be related to Facebook addiction. Specifically, a high level of impulsivity, more time spent using Facebook, female gender and Facebook smartphone app use are predictors of Facebook addiction. However, the relation between state orientation, restraint as a dimension of self-control and Facebook addiction was insignificant. Our results may indicate the role of impulsivity as a dimension of self-control in Facebook addiction. In addition, they may suggest that self-control should be taken into account not only as a one-dimensional but also as a multidimensional construct in Facebook addiction research. Our findings may also contribute to the better preparation of prevention and therapeutic programmes for people at risk of Facebook addiction.

scholarly journals The Confounders of Cancer Immunotherapy: Roles of Lifestyle, Metabolic Disorders and Sociological Factors

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2983
Author(s):  
Ravindra Pramod Deshpande ◽  
Sambad Sharma ◽  
Kounosuke Watabe
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effector T Cell ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Mutational Burden ◽  
And Gender

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CPI) is an effective treatment option for many types of cancers. Irrespective of its wide clinical implications, the overall efficacy remains unpredictable and even poor in certain pathologies such as breast cancer. Thus, it is imperative to understand the role of factors affecting its responsiveness. In this review, we provide an overview on the involvement of sociological factors, lifestyles and metabolic disorders in modulating the CPI response in patients from multiple malignancies. Lifestyle habits including exercise, and diet promoted therapeutic responsiveness while alcohol consumption mitigated the CPI effect by decreasing mutational burden and hampering antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Metabolic disorder such as obesity was recognized to enhance the PD-1 expression while diabetes and hypertension were consequences of CPI therapy rather than causes. Among the sociologic factors, sex and race positively influenced the CPI effectiveness on account of increased effector T cell activity and increased PD-1 expression while ageing impaired CPI responsiveness by decreasing functional T cell and increased toxicity. The combined effect of these factors was observed for obesity and gender, in which obese males had the most significant effect of CPI. Therefore these variables should be carefully considered before treating patients with CPI for optimal treatment outcome.

scholarly journals The role of hexokinase in cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Paulina Stachyra-Strawa ◽  
Paweł Cisek ◽  
Michał Janiszewski ◽  
Ludmiła Grzybowska-Szatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Hexokinase Ii ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
High Level

A thorough understanding of the processes occurring in cancer cells is necessary to make cancer treatment as effective as possible. Changes in cellular metabolism in relation to normal cells are considered particularly important. One of the most interesting and promising areas is glucose metabolism and the factors affecting this process, with special emphasis on the potential role of hexokinases, especially the isoform II of this enzyme. Hexokinases (HK) are transferase enzymes involved in the process of glycolysis. Hexokinase II (HK II) plays an important role in initiating and maintaining the glycolysis process at a high level of efficiency, which is crucial for the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. An increase in the number of copies of the HK II gene and increased transcription of this enzyme resulting in the suppression of apoptosis and the enhancement of cell proliferation have been found in tumor cells. Hexokinase II also participates in the Crabtree effect by affecting the amount of ATP and thus the efficiency of the Ca2+ removal process outside the cell membrane by Ca2+ ATPase. Overexpression of HK II has thus far been found in pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer and biliary tract cancer, indicating the possible key role of this enzyme in their formation and progression and providing the basis for seeking potential benefits of cancer treatment using HK II as a target of new drugs.

Public opinion in the management of social processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor Bunov ◽  
Elena Tihonova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Concept

The monograph is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the place and role of public opinion in the management of social processes in modern society. The author's structural and functional concept of public opinion occupies a central place in the work. The article presents a large theoretical material based on the results of the author's research, which allows us to formulate and justify a number of new scientific positions that open up a promising direction in the study of public opinion issues in the context of the sociology of management. It is intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of management sociology, heads of sociological services, teachers, postgraduates, students, and anyone interested in public opinion and its role in the life of modern society.

The process of recruitment of immigrants in the construction sector. The cases of Italy and Portugal

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Fellini ◽  
Pedro Góis ◽  
José Carlos Marques
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Skills Shortages ◽  
Very High

This article deals with the recruitment and employment of foreign workers in the Italian and Portuguese construction sectors. The two countries show a very similar structure and organisation of the sector. Nevertheless, Italy only ‘imports’ immigrants for the sector whereas Portugal both imports foreign labour and exports construction workers on the European market. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the occupational structure of foreign workers and of interviews with construction employers in the two countries this article examines such differences and discusses how (also with reference to irregular work and the underground economy) and why the construction sector represents a key sector for the economic insertion and adaptation of immigrants in the Mediterranean area. Skills shortages and labour cost issues are highlighted as factors affecting recruitment of foreigners in a sector characterised by a very high level of deregulation and informality, and in which processes of downsizing on the one hand and externalisation on the other have had as an important outcome the nearly exclusive role of subcontracting in the recruitment of semi- and low-skilled workers.

scholarly journals Technokracja i demagogia

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Stanisław Gałkowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Liberal Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
The Masses ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Voice

A modern society cannot function without experts in every field and without high level specialists. Before any undertaking is initiated, an issue of effectiveness emerges, one which only they may ensure. At the same time, however, it tends to be forgotten that there is no such thing as ‘just effectiveness’; there is only effectiveness in meeting the targets adopted. Technocracy, in itself, does not issue any social objectives. On the one hand, this is in  accordance with the liberal approach, which demands the neutrality of the state; on the other hand, however, it may lead, at the very least, to dangers to democracy, to the possible collaboration of technocrats with a totalitarian government, with this group possibly resorting to populism (that is, to an unthinking subordination to the demands of the masses) and, third, to an attempt to govern on their own by demagogy, making the voice of public opinion subject to its rule.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Communication Networks in Constructing Public Opinion among Students at Saudi Arabian Universities (Umm AlQura University as a model)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Osamah Ghazi Almadani
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

The study aimed to investigate the role of social communication networks in constructing public opinion among students at Saudi Arabian Universities. This study is descriptive in nature and used the survey method. The sample of the study consisted of N 200 students from Umm Alqura university from the practical and theoretical colleges (College of social sciences- Colleges of medical sciences- Colleges of applied sciences). The tools of the study included a questionnaire – public opinion construction scale for the students at Saudi Arabian universities. The results of the study indicated that a high level percentage in constructing public opinion came from the students who used the social communication websites which was 41.86%, where the intermediate level was 55.23%, while the low level was 2.91%.The results showed also that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the study sample in the scale of the role of social communication networks in constructing public opinion among the students according to the different levels in using different social communication networks. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean score of the study sample in the scale of the role of social communication networks in using social communication through the internet according to the different level of experience in using the internet among the participants. 

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER, INNOVATION AND SOCIAL NETWORKS APPROACH

2019 ◽  
pp. 039
Author(s):  
Žarko Đorić
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Fundamental Idea ◽  
Simple Description ◽  
Causal Connections ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level

Modern society is dealing with a multitude of data, with predictions that by 2025 the produced data will amount to 160 zettabytes. A generation of useful information and derivation of knowledge from this data is becoming a laborious task, while transfer of relevant knowledge through social networks is becoming even more important. Although there are different definitions of social capital, there is a high level of compliance so that, unlike other concepts related to socio-economic development, social capital is unique because it is relational. It is obvious that the fundamental idea expressed in the concept of social capital is simple: social networks are important, they have value for people and organizations that are involved in this network. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of social networks in the diffusion of knowledge and information and its contribution to the strengthening of innovative capacities. One of the main reasons for the growing interest in the role of social networks in the creation and transfer of knowledge is that most of the relevant knowledge today has an implicit character and cannot be easily transferred. The compilation method will be used in the paper for the purpose of reviewing existing theoretical and empirical research in this field. The method of description, as a procedure for simple description or reading of facts and processes, will be related to explanations of the notion of more important features of the described facts, their legality and causal connections and relationship.

scholarly journals The evolving role of business in contributing to social justice in South Africa in terms of legislative measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karunanidhi Reddy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black People ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Legislative Measures

Apartheid in South Africa has burdened the nation with high levels of poverty, illiteracy and other forms of social and economic inequality. The resultant challenges included discrimination on grounds of race and gender, which prevented much of the population from fair opportunities for business ownership and management, and securing senior jobs, as well as obtaining access to goods and services. Many businesses were closed to Black people and separate and inferior facilities were provided for them. Further, workplace discrimination was supported by the law. This article uses a descriptive approach to reveal, particularly in terms of the legislative measures introduced, the social responsibility of business in a transforming society, more especially the transformation of the historically disadvantaged communities.

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