A Comparison of Large-Sample Confidence Interval Methods for the Difference of Two Binomial Probabilities

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Hauck ◽  
Sharon Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Interval Methods ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Significant Associations of lncRNA H19 Genotypes with Susceptibility to Childhood Leukemia in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Jen-Sheng Pei ◽  
Chao-Chun Chen ◽  
Wen-Shin Chang ◽  
Yun-Chi Wang ◽  
Jaw-Chyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotypic Distribution ◽  
Heterozygous Variant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of our study was to investigate whether genetic variations in lncRNA H19 were associated with susceptibility to childhood leukemia. Two hundred and sixty-six childhood leukemia patients and 266 healthy controls were enrolled in Taiwan, and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2839698 and rs217727, in H19 were genotyped and analyzed. There was a significant difference in the genotypic distribution of rs2839698 between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.0277). Compared to the wild-type CC genotype, the heterozygous variant CT and homozygous variant TT genotypes were associated with significantly increased risks of childhood leukemia with an adjusted odd ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–2.14, p = 0.0429) and 1.94 (95%CI, 1.15–3.31, p = 0.0169), respectively (pfor tread = 0.0277). The difference in allelic frequencies between childhood leukemia patients and controls was also significant (T versus C, adjusted OR = 1.53, 95%CI, 1.13–1.79, p = 0.0077). There were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic distributions of rs217727 between cases and controls. Interestingly, the average level of H19 rs2839698 was statistically significantly higher for patients with CT and TT genotypes than from those with the CC genotype (p < 0.0001). Our results indicate that H19 SNP rs2839698, but not rs217727, may serve as a novel susceptibility marker for childhood leukemia.

scholarly journals Measuring the effectiveness of online problem solving for improving academic performance in a probability course

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio González ◽  
Mónica Giuliano ◽  
Silvia N. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Online Homework ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Technological Diversity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Written Test

AbstractResearch on impact in student achievement of online homework systems compared to traditional methods is ambivalent. Methodological issues in the study design, besides of technological diversity, can account for this uncertainty. Hypothesis This study aims to estimate the effect size of homework practice with exercises automatically provided by the ‘e-status’ platform, in students from five Engineering programs. Instead of comparing students using the platform with others not using it, we distributed the subject topics into two blocks, and created nine probability problems for each block. After that, the students were randomly assigned to one block and could solve the related exercises through e-status. Teachers and evaluators were masked to the assignation. Five weeks after the assignment, all students answered a written test with questions regarding all topics. The study outcome was the difference between both blocks’ scores obtained from the test. The two groups comprised 163 and 166 students. Of these, 103 and 107 respectively attended the test, while the remainder were imputed with 0. Those assigned to the first block obtained an average outcome of −1.85, while the average in the second block was −3.29 (95% confidence interval of difference, −2.46 to −0.43). During the period in which they had access to the platform before the test, the average total time spent solving problems was less than three hours. Our findings provide evidence that a small amount of active online work can positively impact on student performance.

scholarly journals Potential of seasonal hydrological forecasting of monthly run-off volumes for the Rhone and Arve Rivers from April to July

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oriane Etter ◽  
Frédéric Jordan ◽  
Anton J. Schleiss
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Seasonal Forecast ◽  
Seasonal Forecasting ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Streamflow Forecasting ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Rhone River ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. In a context where water management is becoming increasingly important, reliable seasonal forecasting of discharge in rivers is crucial for making decisions several months in advance. This paper explores the potential of seasonal forecasting of run-off volumes produced by ensemble streamflow forecasting using past climatology and comparing it to the more commonly used average of past discharge measurements. The seasonal forecast was obtained for the Arve and Rhone rivers by simulation using the Routing System model for lead times of 30, 90 and 120 days. The initialization was performed on a validated simulation of 12 and 16 years for the Arve and Rhone rivers, respectively, obtained through long-term calibration. The performance was assessed by indicators called accuracy and thinness. The normalized mean average error (NMAE) was used to compare the performance of the seasonal forecast with the average of the past measurements. After a bias correction of the seasonal forecast of the Rhone River with the observed run-off volumes during the different lead times, the correlation of the median forecast with the measurements (accuracy) was larger than 0.55 for all lead times from April to July. The Arve River's accuracy was improved by disregarding the year 2007 member, leading to the floods of the 3rd and 9th of July, for lead times of 90 and 120 days. This resulting in the period of April to July having correlation accuracies higher than 0.5. For both rivers, the 80 % confidence interval of the seasonal forecast was relatively thin compared to the measurements (thinness) for the months of April to July. The NMAE was used to validate the range of validity of the forecast. The correction of the forecast resulted in more months being favorable for seasonal forecasting for the Rhone River. The post-processing on the Arve River decreased the difference between the measurement and the forecast (NMAE). Further investigation should concentrate on dividing the meteorological datasets to produce a strong median forecast and confidence interval

scholarly journals استراتيجية تعليم المفردات بالغناء في البرنامج المكشف لتعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسلامية الحكومية مالانج

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
ABDUL BASID
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learner Participation ◽  
Instructional Activities ◽  
Class B ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Difference

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui strategi pengajaran kosakata dengan menggunakan (strategi bernyanyi). Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah (1) bagaimana proses strategi pengajaran kosakata bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan strategi bernyanyi, (2) bagaimana efektivitas penggunanan strategi pengajaran kosakata bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan strategi bernyanyi. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental.  Populasi dalam peneltian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa progam Studi PBA di UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim, adapun sampel yang diambil dari populasi tersebut adalah mahasiswa Program Studi PBA kelas B-4 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) proses strategi pengajaran kosakata bahasa Arab dengan strategi bernyanyi yaitu aktivitas pra instruksional, petunjuk isi dan pembelajaran. Partisipasi peserta didik, penilaian, aktifitas timbal balik (2) efektifitas strategi pengajaran bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan strtegi bernyanyi menunjukkan nilai t-test lebih kecil daripadda t-tabel 0,243< 2, 0639, nilai t-test 0,243 itu berada diantara nilai interval konfidensi perbedaan, yaitu nilai tertinggi 1,901 dan nilai terendah 1,501 serta nilai signifikansi 0,810 yang mania lebih kecil dari t-table yaitu 2,0639     Abstract             This reserach elaborates on the teaching strategy of Arabic vocabulary by using the song. The research problems are: (1) what is the process of the teaching strategy of Arabic vocabulary by using the song; and (2) what is the effectiveness of the teaching strategy of Arabic vocabulary by using the song. The design of this study is experimental study. The population of this research is all students in PPBA UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and the sample of this research is all students in class B-4 PPBA UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The result of this study is: (1) the process of the teaching strategy of Arabic vocabulary by using the song consist of several stages. They are pre instructional activities, content and learning guidance, learner participation, assessment, and follow-through activities; (2) the effectiveness of the teaching strategy of Arabic vocabulary by using the song is the value of t-test is smaller than t-table 0,243 < 2,0639, the value t-test 0,243 is between the value of confidence interval of the difference, upper 1,901 and lower -1,501, and signified value is 0,810 < t-table is 2,0639.     ملخص ويوضح هذا البحث التركيز في استراتيجية التدريس للمفردات العربية باستخدام الأغنية. وأما مشكلة البحث فهي: أولا، ما هي عملية إستراتيجية التدريس للمفردات العربية باستخدام الأغنية؛ وثانيا؛ ما هي فعالية استراتيجية التدريس للمفردات العربية باستخدام الأغنية. ويكون تصميم هذه الدراسة من نوع الدراسة التجريبية. أما مجتمع البحث لهذا البحث هو جميع الطلاب في قسم تعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم الإسامية الحكمومية مالانج، والعينة من هذا البحث هو جميع الطلاب في الصف B-4 قسم تعليم اللغة العربية بجامعة مولانا مالك إبراهيم مالانج. والنتائج من هذه الدراسة هي: (1) عملية إستراتيجية التدريس للمفردات العربية باستخدام الأغنية تتكون من عدة مراحل. وهي أنشطة تعليمية سابقة، ومحتوى وإرشادات تعليمية، ومشاركة للمتعلم، وتقييم، وأنشطة متابعة. (2) أما فاعلية إستراتيجية التدريس للمفردات العربية باستخدام الأغنية هي قيمة اختبار t أصغر من t-تابل 0،243 <2،0639، قيمة t-تيست 0،243 بين قيمة فاصل الثقة في الفرق، العلوي 1،901 وأقل -1،501، وقيمة معترف بها هو 0،810 <t- الجدول هو 2،0639.  

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CRITERIA IN THE PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN STUDENTS FROM PARANAVAÍ, PARANÁ

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Ricardo Guilherme ◽  
Matheus Amarante do Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Molena-Fernandes ◽  
Vânia Renata Guilherme ◽  
Stevan Ricardo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the difference in the proportion of students with metabolic syndrome, diagnosed according to different criteria. Methods: The sample consisted of 241 students (136 boys and 105 girls) aged 10 to 14 years, from public and private schools in Paranavaí, Paraná. We used three distinct diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, considering the presence of at least three of the following risk factors: increased waist circumference, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, low HDL-C, and elevated triglycerides. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome found was 1.7% (confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 0-3.3) for the IDF criterion; 3.3% (95%CI 1.0-5.6) for Cook; and 17.4% (95%CI 12.6-22.3) for Ferranti. Analyzing the criteria in pairs, the agreement between IDF and Cook was 97.5% (k=0.95); between IDF and Ferranti, 83.4% (k=0.67); and between Cook and Ferranti, 85.9% (k=0.72). Onlyone student (0.4%) was diagnosed with metabolic syndrome solely by the IDF criterion, while 34 (14.1%) were diagnosed exclusively by Ferranti. The comparison of the three criteria showed that Ferranti presented the highest proportion of metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), and Cook had a greater proportion than IDF (p<0.001). Conclusions: We found a significant difference in the proportion of metabolic syndrome in the three criteria. The choice of which criterion to use can compromise not only the percentage of metabolic syndrome prevalence but also interfere in strategies of intervention and prevention in children and adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome, respectively.

Concentration inequalities for the empirical distribution of discrete distributions: beyond the method of types

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Mardia ◽  
Jiantao Jiao ◽  
Ervin Tánczos ◽  
Robert D Nowak ◽  
Tsachy Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Empirical Distribution ◽  
Discrete Distributions ◽  
Concentration Inequalities ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Alphabet Size ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Kl Divergence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
True Distribution

Abstract We study concentration inequalities for the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence between the empirical distribution and the true distribution. Applying a recursion technique, we improve over the method of types bound uniformly in all regimes of sample size $n$ and alphabet size $k$, and the improvement becomes more significant when $k$ is large. We discuss the applications of our results in obtaining tighter concentration inequalities for $L_1$ deviations of the empirical distribution from the true distribution, and the difference between concentration around the expectation or zero. We also obtain asymptotically tight bounds on the variance of the KL divergence between the empirical and true distribution, and demonstrate their quantitatively different behaviours between small and large sample sizes compared to the alphabet size.

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