Geographic Variation in Host Specificity Reveals Host Range Evolution in Uroleucon ambrosiae Aphids

Ecology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Funk ◽  
Elizabeth A. Bernays
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Host Range Evolution

scholarly journals A Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1 Reveals a Type III Effector Repertoire Significantly Divergent from That of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalvo F. Almeida ◽  
Shuangchun Yan ◽  
Magdalen Lindeberg ◽  
David J. Studholme ◽  
David J. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Tomato Dc3000 ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Host Range Determination ◽  
Range Determination

Diverse gene products including phytotoxins, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and type III secreted effectors influence interactions between Pseudomonas syringae strains and plants, with additional yet uncharacterized factors likely contributing as well. Of particular interest are those interactions governing pathogen-host specificity. Comparative genomics of closely related pathogens with different host specificity represents an excellent approach for identification of genes contributing to host-range determination. A draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1, which is pathogenic on tomato but nonpathogenic on Arabidopsis thaliana, was obtained for this purpose and compared with the genome of the closely related A. thaliana and tomato model pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Although the overall genetic content of each of the two genomes appears to be highly similar, the repertoire of effectors was found to diverge significantly. Several P. syringae pv. tomato T1 effectors absent from strain DC3000 were confirmed to be translocated into plants, with the well-studied effector AvrRpt2 representing a likely candidate for host-range determination. However, the presence of avrRpt2 was not found sufficient to explain A. thaliana resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato T1, suggesting that other effectors and possibly type III secretion system–independent factors also play a role in this interaction.

Deep phylogeographical structure and parallel host range evolution in the leaf beetleAgelasa nigriceps

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo I. Kohyama ◽  
Kazuma Matsumoto ◽  
Haruo Katakura
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Range Evolution

scholarly journals Ant association facilitates the evolution of diet breadth in a lycaenid butterfly

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1711) ◽  
pp. 1539-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Forister ◽  
Zachariah Gompert ◽  
Chris C. Nice ◽  
Glen W. Forister ◽  
James A. Fordyce
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Demographic Model ◽  
Adaptive Diversification ◽  
Host Range Evolution ◽  
Mutualistic Interactions ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Lycaenid Butterfly ◽  
Ant Association

The role of mutualistic interactions in adaptive diversification has not been thoroughly examined. Lycaenid butterflies provide excellent systems for exploring mutualistic interactions, as more than half of this family is known to use ants as a resource in interactions that range from parasitism to mutualism. We investigate the hypothesis that protection from predators offered to caterpillars by ants might facilitate host-range evolution. Specifically, experiments with the butterfly Lycaeides melissa investigated the role of ant association in the use of a novel host, alfalfa, Medicago sativa , which is a sub-optimal host for larval development. Survival on alfalfa is increased by the presence of ants, thus supporting the hypothesis that interaction with ants might be important for host-range evolution. Using a demographic model to explore ecological conditions associated with host-range expansion in L. melissa , we conclude that the presence of ants might be an essential component for populations persisting on the novel, sub-optimal host.

scholarly journals Host Range Evolution of Potyviruses: A Global Phylogenetic Analysis

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Moury ◽  
Cécile Desbiez
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Host Range Evolution ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms

Virus host range, i.e., the number and diversity of host species of viruses, is an important determinant of disease emergence and of the efficiency of disease control strategies. However, for plant viruses, little is known about the genetic or ecological factors involved in the evolution of host range. Using available genome sequences and host range data, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of host range evolution in the genus Potyvirus, a large group of plant RNA viruses that has undergone a radiative evolution circa 7000 years ago, contemporaneously with agriculture intensification in mid Holocene. Maximum likelihood inference based on a set of 59 potyviruses and 38 plant species showed frequent host range changes during potyvirus evolution, with 4.6 changes per plant species on average, including 3.1 host gains and 1.5 host loss. These changes were quite recent, 74% of them being inferred on the terminal branches of the potyvirus tree. The most striking result was the high frequency of correlated host gains occurring repeatedly in different branches of the potyvirus tree, which raises the question of the dependence of the molecular and/or ecological mechanisms involved in adaptation to different plant species.

Ecological release in lizard endoparasites from the Atlantic Forest, northeast of the Neotropical Region

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
Adonias A. Martins Teixeira ◽  
Pablo Riul ◽  
Samuel Vieira Brito ◽  
João A. Araujo-Filho ◽  
Diêgo Alves Teles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
Ecological Release ◽  
Parasite Richness

AbstractWe compared lizard endoparasite assemblages between the Atlantic Forest and naturally isolated forest enclaves to test the ecological release hypothesis, which predicts that host specificity should be lower (large niche breadth) and parasite abundance should be greater for parasites from isolated forest enclaves (poor assemblages) than for parasites from the coastal Atlantic Forest (rich assemblages). Parasite richness per specimen showed no difference between the isolated and non-isolated areas. Parasite abundance did not differ between the isolated and non-isolated areas but showed a positive relationship with parasite richness considering all areas (isolated and non-isolated). Furthermore, host specificity was positively related to parasite richness. Considering that host specificity is inversely proportional to the host range infected by a parasite, our results indicate that in assemblages with greater parasite richness, parasites tend to infect a smaller range of hosts than do those in simple assemblages. In summary, our study partially supports the ecological release hypothesis: in assemblages with greater parasite richness, lizard parasites from Atlantic Forest are able to increase their parasite abundance (per host), possibly through facilitated infection; however, the amplitude of infected hosts only expands in poor assemblages (lower parasite richness).

Host Range Alteration of the Bioherbicidal FungusAlternaria crassawith Fruit Pectin and Bant Filtrates

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Douglas Boyette ◽  
Hamed K. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

In greenhouse tests, the host specificity ofAlternaria crassa(Sacc.) Rands, a mycoherbicide for jimsonweed was altered by the addition of water-soluble filtrates of jimsonweed and hemp sesbania or fruit pectin to fungal conidia suspensions. Several crop and weed species that were resistant to the fungus alone exhibited various degrees of susceptibility following these amendments, with 100% mortality occurring to the weeds hemp sesbania, showy crotalaria, and eastern black nightshade when treated with the fungus/pectin mixture. Nonhost plants that were inoculated with conidial mixtures amended with sucrose or cellulose were not affected. Modification of host specificity of this pathogen could have an influence on its bioherbiddal potential

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