Manufacturing Ideology: Scientific Management in Twentieth-Century Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Matthias Koch ◽  
William M. Tsutsui
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Management

scholarly journals The importance of time management in the leading activity of educational institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelia Cojocaru ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
Professional Managers ◽  
The Republic

Among the revolutions that took place in the twentieth century, one of the most important was the managerial revolution. It was during this period that management became a separate field, developing intensely even today. Currently, in all developed countries, more attention is paid to the training of professional managers, because "the task of the leader is to be more and more efficient". The need to professionalize managerial activity in the field of education was realized in the West in the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century [1]. In the Republic of Moldova, this problem began to be addressed only in the 90s. Almost a hundred years ago, the author who founded the scientific management, Frederick Taylor, postulated the principle "Strict record of time and standardization of work" making a huge step towards increasing efficiency in the organization. Management means efficient and effective management of an activity. From this perspective, the manager cannot ensure the efficiency for the institution for which he is responsible if he does not know how to manage the resources efficiently. In addition, time is a precious, pretentious and irreversible economic resource: time is the rarest resource being irreplaceable but at the same time "unlimited", it is expensive, but it cannot be bought, stored, multiplied, and its loss cannot be assured either. By the largest insurance company in the world, so it cannot be "compensated", a source that can increase efficiency and profit, so that its good management is an essential skill [2].

Incentives Then and Now

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth W. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Behavioral Psychology ◽  
The Social

This chapter presents a historical account of the use of the term “incentives” and of the introduction of incentives in scientific management and behavioral psychology. “Incentives” came into the language in the early part of the twentieth century in America. During this period, the language of social control and of social engineering was quite prevalent, and incentives were understood to be one tool in the social engineers' toolbox—an instrument of power. Not coincidentally, incentives were also extremely controversial at this time and were criticized from several quarters as dehumanizing, manipulative, heartless, and exploitative. When incentives are viewed as instruments of power, the controversial ethical aspects of their use come readily to the fore.

scholarly journals Origins and Formation of Corporate Education in the USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Iryna Lytovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Corporate Education ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Usa

Abstract The article analyzes the process of formation and development of corporate education in the USA in the first half of the twentieth century. It has been determined that the main prerequisites for the development of corporate education in the USA in the first half of the twentieth century were historical, socio-economic, political factors and advances in scientific research including: the rapid growth of the US economy in the twentieth century; dissemination of scientific and technological progress and constant introduction of new technologies in the workplace; a national policy of “welfarism”; scientific works of R. Kelly “Training industrial workers” and D. Morris “Employee training: A study of education and training departments in various corporations”, which contained the first complex researches on training in industry, substantiated the necessity and prospects of this study, analyzed corporate programs of that time, the ideas on scientific management of F. Taylor, F. Gilbreth and S. Thompson, which had a major impact on all business areas. It has been found out that corporate education was the result of evolution of apprenticeship, the oldest and most traditional form of vocational training in the United States. By 1920s a new concept of modern education had been formed in the workplace which had its philosophical foundations, educational programs, technologies, system of providing services and organizational structure. In the period between the First and Second World Wars a new vision of learning at the workplace arose, new teaching methods were developed different from those used in traditional educational institutions; understanding came that the dissemination of knowledge within the whole community would contribute to building a democratic society.

scholarly journals Picturing Efficiency: Precisionism, Scientific Management, and the Effacement of Labor

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON CORWIN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Motion Studies

ABSTRACT In the early decades of the twentieth century, the pursuit of efficiency came to dominate instances of industrial and artistic production: the engineering consultants Frank and Lillian Gilbreth attempted to visualize a language of minimal waste, while Precisionist art achieved its own aesthetic of efficiency. This essay examines the Precisionist project alongside the discourses of the rationalized factory and suggests a relationship between the formal economy of Precisionism and the rhetoric of scientific management. For Precisionist art and the Gilbreths' time-motion studies, the representation of efficiency ultimately entailed the elision of artist and worker as producers of labor.

Scientific Management, Racist Science, and Race Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Esch ◽  
David Roediger
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Elizabeth Esch and David Roediger highlight the ways employers and their allies used racism to divide the working classes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Such racist practices began under slavery, and continued well into the early twentieth century as they constructed hierarchical workplaces which they deemed as natural; unions and solidarity in their estimation subverted the natural order. They call this practice “race management.” Employers seeking control over the workforce benefited from racism.

A Life Cycle of Management Ideas: A Research Note

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Warner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
General Management ◽  
General Managers ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Statistical Frequency

The article seeks to map out a life cycle of management ideas in the twentieth century, in terms of their inclusion in books written in English. The examples used include, amongst others, Scientific Management (SM), Human Relations (HR), Human Resource Management (HRM), as well as General Management (GM). This bibliometric study looks at the statistical frequency of terms used therein, as plotted by the Google Books Ngram Project in a data-base of over five million published books. The study presented here uses the aforementioned Harvard/MIT-originated ‘Ngram analysis’ method to create a novel graphic representation of management ideas, to map the frequency of familiar terms in this field, which should be of interest to academics and practitioners, including general managers.

Taylorism Versus Welfare Work in American Industry: H. L. Gantt and the Bancrofts

1972 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nelson ◽  
Stuart Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
American Industry ◽  
Welfare Work

Two differing managerial philosophies competed for the support of American businessmen around the beginning of the twentieth century — the “scientific management” of Frederick W. Taylor and a general set of practices known as “welfare work.” This study examines the experience of a Brandywine River textile firm which tried to employ both approaches at the same time.

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