scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION AND CHANGE: ENVIRONMENTALISM AND THE U.S. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY.

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals INSTYTUCJONALNA I KOMPETENCYJNA EWOLUCJA BANKU CENTRALNEGO STANÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH AMERYKI W XX WIEKU

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Federal Reserve System ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Treasury Department ◽  
Reserve System ◽  
The U.S

Institutional and Competence Evolution of the U.S. Central Bank in the Twentieth CenturySummary The article describes the initial shape of the U.S. central bank, i.e. the Federal Reserve System created under the federal act of 1913 as a “Federal Reserve”, as well as the reasons for its competence and institutional evolution mainly in the thirties of the twentieth century. The paper seeks to identify the consequences of the absence of statutory regulations – in many ways necessary for the proper functioning of the central bank in the United States as a confederation, which has become a major cause of the appropriation of powers by the representatives of the private sector at the central bank. In addition, by analyzing the agreement concluded by the representatives of the bank and the U.S. Treasury Department the article shows the consequences of the absence of constitutional guarantees for the central bank’s operational independence. The article also seeks to name and describe the laws passed in the twentieth century, which have contributed significantly to today’s field of competence of the Federal Reserve System and its present modus vivendi.

Accident Epidemiology and the U.S. Chemical Industry: Accident History and Worst-Case Data from RMP*Info

Risk Analysis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Kleindorfer ◽  
James C. Belke ◽  
Michael R. Elliott ◽  
Kiwan Lee ◽  
Robert A. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Case Data ◽  
The U.S

Energy Process-Step Model of Hydrogen Production in the US Chemical Industry

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrin Ozalp
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Energy Process ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
The U.S

This paper gives a representative energy process-step model of hydrogen production in the U.S. Chemical Industry based on federal data. There have been prior efforts to create energy process-step models for other industries. However, among all manufacturing industries, creating energy flow models for the U.S. Chemical Industry is the most challenging one due to the complexity of this industry. This paper gives concise comparison of earlier studies and provides thorough description of the methodology to develop energy process-step model for hydrogen production in the U.S. Chemical Industry. Results of the energy process-step model of hydrogen production in the U.S. Chemical Industry show that steam allocations among the end-uses are: 68% to process cooling (steam injection to product combustion gases), 25% to process heating, and 7% to other process use (CO2 converter). The model also shows that the major energy consuming step in hydrogen production is the reformer, which consumes approximately 16 PJ fuel. During the course of this study, the most recent U.S. federal energy database available was for the year 1998. Currently, the most recent available U.S. federal energy database is given for the year 2002 based on the data collected from 15,500 establishments.

Utilization of Heat, Power and Recovered Waste Heat for Industrial Processes in the US Chemical Industry

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrin Ozalp
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Information Administration ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Process Step ◽  
End Use ◽  
Energy Information ◽  
The U.S ◽  
End Uses

This paper presents energy end-use model of the U.S. Chemical Industry. The model allocates combustible fuel and renewable energy inputs among generic end-uses including intermediate conversions through onsite power and steam generation. Results of this model provide the basis to scale energy process-step models. Two federal databases used to construct energy end-use models are Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey of the U.S. Energy Information Administration, and the Energy Information Administration’s “EIA-860B: Annual Electric Generator Report”. These databases provide information on energy consumption for each end-use, electricity generation, and recovered waste heat at the prime mover level of detail for each industry on a national scale. Results of the model show that the majority of the fuel input is used directly for the end-uses. Although the rest of the fuel is used to generate steam and power, most of this energy contributes to the end-uses as steam. Therefore, the purpose of fuel consumption at non-utility plants is to run their end-uses. During the course of this study, the most recent U.S. federal energy database available was for the year 1998. Currently, the most recent available U.S. federal energy database is given for the year 2002 based on the data collected from 15,500 establishments.

Organizational Size and Pollution: The Case of the U.S. Chemical Industry

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Sherman Grant II ◽  
Albert J. Bergesen ◽  
Andrew W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Organizational Size ◽  
The U.S
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