scholarly journals Work and pay in flexible and regulated labor markets: A generalized perspective on institutional evolution and inequality trends in Europe and the U.S.

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. DiPrete ◽  
Dominique Goux ◽  
Eric Maurin ◽  
Amelie Quesnel-Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals The Economic Underpinnings of the Drug Epidemic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Seltzer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
State Level ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Drug Deaths ◽  
Overdose Deaths ◽  
The U.S

U.S. labor markets have experienced transformative change over the past half century. Spurred on by global economic change, robotization, and the decline of labor unions, state labor markets have shifted away from an occupational regime dominated by the production of goods to one characterized by the provision of services. Prior studies have proposed that deterioration of employment opportunities may be associated with the rise of substance use disorders and drug overdose deaths, yet no clear link between changes in labor market dynamics in the U.S. manufacturing sector and drug overdose deaths has been established. Using restricted-use vital registration records between 1999-2017 that comprise over 700,000 drug deaths, I test two questions. First, what is the association between manufacturing decline and drug and opioid overdose mortality rates? Second, how much of the increase in these drug-related outcomes can be accounted for by manufacturing decline? The findings provide strong evidence that restructuring of the U.S. labor market has played an important upstream role in the current drug crisis. Up to 77,000 overdose deaths for men and up to 40,000 overdose deaths for women are attributable to the decline of state-level manufacturing over this nearly two-decade period. These results persist in models that adjust for other social, economic, and policy trends changing at the same time, including the supply of prescription opioids. Critically, the findings signal the value of policy interventions that aim to reduce persistent economic precarity experienced by individuals and communities, especially the economic strain placed upon the middle class.

scholarly journals INSTYTUCJONALNA I KOMPETENCYJNA EWOLUCJA BANKU CENTRALNEGO STANÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH AMERYKI W XX WIEKU

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Federal Reserve System ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Treasury Department ◽  
Reserve System ◽  
The U.S

Institutional and Competence Evolution of the U.S. Central Bank in the Twentieth CenturySummary The article describes the initial shape of the U.S. central bank, i.e. the Federal Reserve System created under the federal act of 1913 as a “Federal Reserve”, as well as the reasons for its competence and institutional evolution mainly in the thirties of the twentieth century. The paper seeks to identify the consequences of the absence of statutory regulations – in many ways necessary for the proper functioning of the central bank in the United States as a confederation, which has become a major cause of the appropriation of powers by the representatives of the private sector at the central bank. In addition, by analyzing the agreement concluded by the representatives of the bank and the U.S. Treasury Department the article shows the consequences of the absence of constitutional guarantees for the central bank’s operational independence. The article also seeks to name and describe the laws passed in the twentieth century, which have contributed significantly to today’s field of competence of the Federal Reserve System and its present modus vivendi.

The Demand for Immigrant Workers: Labor Scarcity or Social Control?

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Craig Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
The U.S

Recent analyses of the economic role of immigrant workers from Mexico in U.S. labor markets have been advanced from two divergent interpretations—a labor scarcity argument and a social control thesis. This article analyzes the two perspectives, finding little evidence to support the labor scarcity argument. Immigrant workers are instead argued to be tied to social control functions in the peripheral sectors of the U.S. economy. Detail from the historical experience of farm workers in Southwestern agriculture are drawn upon to illustrate the argument.

scholarly journals Higher-Education Policies and the College Wage Premium: Cross-State Evidence from the 1990s

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Supply Effect ◽  
Higher Education Policies ◽  
National Market ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
The U.S

Exploiting differences across U.S. states, this paper demonstrates that there is a tight link between higher education policies, past enrollment rates, and recent changes in the college wage premium among labor market entrants. The analysis reveals, however, that this relationship is much weaker in states with high private enrollment rates, high levels of interstate mobility, or interstate trade. The within-state estimates of the own-cohort relative supply effect shed some light on the extent to which the U.S. labor market can be characterized as a single national market or a collection of state-specific labor markets.

Educational Authority in the ‘‘Open Door’’ Marketplace

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Deterding ◽  
David S. Pedulla
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Open Door ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Educational Authority ◽  
Job Openings ◽  
Associate's Degree ◽  
Institutional Landscape ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

In recent years, private for-profit education has been the fastest growing segment of the U.S. postsecondary system. Traditional hiring models suggest that employers clearly and efficiently evaluate college credentials, but this changing institutional landscape raises an important question: How do employers assess credentials from emerging institutions? Building on theories of educational authority, we hypothesize that employers respond to an associate’s degree itself over the institution from which it came. Using data from a field experiment that sent applications to administrative job openings in three major labor markets, we found that employers responded similarly to applicants listing a degree from a fictional college and applicants listing a local for-profit or nonprofit institution. There is some evidence that educational authority is incomplete, but employers who prefer degree-holders do not appear to actively evaluate institutional quality. We conclude by discussing implications of our work for research on school to labor market links within the changing higher education marketplace.

scholarly journals The Assimilation of Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Markets

10.3386/w3573 ◽  
1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert LaLonde ◽  
Robert Topel
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Minimum Wages in Monopsonistic Labor Markets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Munguia Corella
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Teenage Employment ◽  
The U.S

Over the last 30 years, researchers have disputed the mixed evidence of the effect of the minimum wage on teenage employment in the U.S. Whenever the minimum wage has positive or no effects on employment, they appeal to monopsony models to explain their results. However, very few of these studies have empirically tested whether their results are due to monopsonistic characteristics in the labor markets. In this paper, I estimate the effects of the minimum wage for the U.S. under concentrated labor markets and low-mobility jobs (two variables that measure monopsony), identify heterogeneous effects among different scenarios derived from the monopsony model, and provide a plausible explanation of the mixed results about the minimum wage effects in the literature. My main findings indicate that minimum wages have an elasticity to teenage employment of -0.418 under perfect competition, which is, as expected, much higher than the usual results in the literature. If the monopsony variable is one standard deviation higher than the baseline, it implies a positive change in elasticity between of 0.05. The minimum wage has a positive insignificant effect between 0.04 and 0.29 under full monopsonistic labor markets. The results are consistent among different specifications and controlling for possible external shocks to the monopsony and omitted variables.

Die Ursachen der transatlantischen Produktivitätswachstumsunterschiede

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Besch ◽  
Guido Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labor Market Reforms ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis paper gives a survey on the causes of the divergence in productivity growth rates between the U.S. and Europe in the last 15 years. It is shown that Europe’s lag in productivity growth can be traced to relative lower productivity growth in the service sector. This is due to over-regulated goods, capital, land, and labor markets. Although there is a consensus that in the long run no relationship exists between productivity growth and labor market performance, in terms of policy, well-specified labor market reforms are recommended to increase productivity growth in Europe. For labor market reforms are a necessary complement for productivity-enhancing product market reforms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document