The Relation between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957

Economica ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (100) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Money Wage ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom

Financial debt amongst older women in the United Kingdom – shame, abuse and resilience

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Purdam ◽  
Jennifer Prattley
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Real Term ◽  
Financial Problems ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pension Age

Abstract Long-term poverty, precarious employment, low pay, the increased pension age and real-term reductions in welfare benefits, including bereavement allowances, have brought into focus the financial vulnerability of many older women aged 55 years and older in the United Kingdom. In this article, survey data were analysed alongside evidence from observations of debt support meetings and interviews with older women who were receiving debt advice from a support charity. The findings suggest that older women were more likely to have financial problems than older men, particularly those women who were living on low incomes and who were separated or divorced. Following the breakdown of a relationship, many older women were at increased risk of more debt and bankruptcy, particularly those aged between 55 and 64 years and those in routine and semi-routine occupations. Many women had kept their financial problems hidden due to fear and shame whilst bringing up their children and some had been subject to coercive control and economic abuse by their former husbands or partners. It is important that any pension reforms, changes to minimum wage rates, and new divorce and domestic abuse legislation and welfare policies take account of the circumstances of separated, divorced and widowed older women. More financial support and advice needs to be provided to older women facing financial difficulties.

Wage-Rates, Earnings, and Wage-Drift

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 52-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gillion
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom

This article describes an attempt to establish by regression analysis the form of the relationships which determine wage-rates and average earnings in the United Kingdom.

Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom, 1878–1970: Selected Findings

1975 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jacobson Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Expansion Phase ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Successive Phase

Milton Friedman and I have been engaged for some time in a study of the characteristic behavior of the quantity of money over long periods in relation to income, prices, and interest rates m the United States and the United Kingdom. In our study, our observations of levels are the average annual values of each variable during cyclical phases, starting with the expansion phase of 1878–1882 in the United States and 1879–1883 in the United Kingdom, and ending with the final phase that can be marked off for each country, respectively, 1969–1970 and 1968–1969. In all, we have forty-five observations of levels for the United States, and thirtythree for the United Kingdom. In addition to levels of observation, we also examine rates of change, which we express as the slopes of least-squares lines connecting three successive phase averages. For each country, the rate-of-change observations are two fewer than the number of level observations.

scholarly journals Is there a Phillips Curve in Pakistan?

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4II) ◽  
pp. 839-851
Author(s):  
M. Aynul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Money Wage ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
Influential Paper ◽  
The Relationship

Since the publication of A.W. Phillip's (1958) influential paper on the relationship between unemployment and the rate of change of the money wage rate, count• less studies have appeared to refine, reformulate and re-estimate structural equations explaining the rates of change in the wage rates and the price level or inflation rates. 1 The empirical findings of the Phillips curve relationships during the past two decades have been considered to be a contentious issue particularly in developed countries. 2 Despite the fact that the original hypothesis of the Phillips curve has been questioned and challenged,3 nevertheless, the importance of this subject has been preserved by its continued relevance for policy. Not only that, Friedman (1970, 1971) claimed that the Phillips curve plays the important role of the "missing equation" separating his own quantity theory of money from the Keynesian theory.

Intergenerational Earnings Mobilities – How Sensitive are they to Income Measures?

2009 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azhar Hussain ◽  
Martin D. Munk ◽  
Jens Bonke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Earnings Mobility ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Annual Earnings

This article gives various estimates of intergenerational earnings mobility by applying different earning periods, age brackets, and earning components. The methodology enables us to investigate how sensitive results are to different delimitations and, thereby, to make more accurate international comparisons of intergenerational earnings mobility. We find that intergenerational earnings mobility is found to be substantially lower when hourly wage rates rather than annual earnings are used, whether the latter are inclusive or exclusive of public transfers. Moreover, when the same specifications are applied for Denmark as for other countries, we find that intergenerational earnings mobility from father to son in Denmark is on the same level as in Sweden, Norway, and Finland, whereas the intergenerational earnings mobility in all the Nordic countries is found to be higher than in the United Kingdom and the United States.

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