Wage Determinations in Japanese Manufacturing Industries-Structural Change and Wage Differentials

1975 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Tachibanaki
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Manufacturing Industries

scholarly journals An ecological view of New Developmentalism: a proposal of integration

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
GIULIO GUARINI ◽  
JOSÉ LUIS OREIRO
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Capital Controls ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Ecological View ◽  
Dual Mandate

ABSTRACT Article aims to integrate New Developmentalism with Ecological View by means of the concepts of Ecological Structural Change (ESC) and Eco-Developmental Class-Coalition (EDCC). ESC means to increase the share of green manufacturing sector in GDP and employment for increasing the environmental efficiency of the economy. Exchange rate overvaluation caused by Dutch disease and growth with foreign savings can harm green manufacturing industries even more than brown manufacturing industries. ESC needs the existence of an EDCC that can be made difficult to occur if exchange rate over-valuation is not removed through taxes over commodities exports, capital controls and a dual mandate for the Central Bank.

scholarly journals Wage Differentials between Foreign Multinationals and Local Plants and Worker Quality in Malaysian Manufacturing

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Ramstetter
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Electrical Machinery ◽  
Industry Affiliation ◽  
Local Plants ◽  
Worker Quality ◽  
Capital Intensive

Using industrial census data for 2000, and smaller sets of survey data for 2001–2004, this paper examines the extent of wage differentials between medium-large (20 or more workers) foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) and local plants in Malaysia's manufacturing industries. On average, wages in sample MNEs were higher than in local plants by two-fifths or more. In addition to being more capital-intensive and relatively large, MNEs also hired higher shares of workers in highly paid occupations and with moderate or high education. Results from large samples of 17 manufacturing industries combined suggest that statistically significant MNE–local differentials of 5%–9% persisted even after accounting for differences in worker occupation, education, and sex, plant capital intensity and size, as well as the influences of yearly fluctuations, industry affiliation, and plant location on the constants estimated. When MNE–local differentials and all slopes are allowed to vary among the 17 industries, positive and significant differentials were observed in all estimates for six industries: food and beverages, chemicals, rubber, general machinery, electrical machinery, and furniture. Positive and significant differentials were also observed in most estimates for another five industries. However, the size and significance of these differentials often varied depending on the industry and sample examined, as well as the estimation technique used.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic and Entrepreneurship in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Michael Fritsch ◽  
◽  
Maria Greve ◽  
Michael Wyrwich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
First Year ◽  
Market Selection ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
New Business Formation ◽  
Temporary Suspension ◽  
New Business ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Business Formation

The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected not only incumbent firms, but also the emergence of start-ups. This paper investigates and analyzes the pandemic’s effect on new business formation, as well as business exits and insolvencies, in Germany. We find that the overall level of business registrations slightly decreased during the first year of the pandemic, but that the effect is specific to certain industries. Innovative manufacturing industries and technology-oriented services experienced an increase in the numbers of start-ups. High subsidies and a temporary suspension of important criteria obliging firms to declare insolvency weakened market selection resulting in fewer exits in 2020. The relaxation of insolvency regulations may lead to considerable numbers of ‘zombie’ firms. Generally, the pandemic re-enforced ongoing structural change, but also exerted specific effects that may be temporary in nature.

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