Labour Costs in European Industry.

The two main reasons cited by the U.S. tech industry for hiring foreign workers--remedying labour shortages and hiring "the best and the brightest"--are investigated, using data on wages, patents, and R&D work, as well as previous research and industry statements. The analysis shows that the claims of shortage and outstanding talent are not supported by the data, even after excluding the Indian IT service firms. Instead, it is shown that the primary goals of employers in hiring foreign workers are to reduce labour costs and to obtain "indentured" employees. Current immigration policy is causing an ‘Internal Brain Drain’ in STEM.

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A Study on Prohibition of Seizure of Labour Costs -Focusing on Fairness of Payment Structure in Construction Sites-

Journal of Public Society ◽

10.21286/jps.2020.11.10.4.191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 191-214

Author(s):

Soon Tae Kim ◽

Jae Kyung Han

Keyword(s):

Construction Sites ◽

Labour Costs

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A Review of Precision Technologies for Optimising Pasture Measurement on Irish Grassland

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11070600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 600

Author(s):

Darren J. Murphy ◽

Michael D. Murphy ◽

Bernadette O’Brien ◽

Michael O’Donovan

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Precise Measurement ◽

Production Systems ◽

Measurement Techniques ◽

Grassland Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Optimal Sampling ◽

Labour Costs ◽

Grassland Production

The development of precision grass measurement technologies is of vital importance to securing the future sustainability of pasture-based livestock production systems. There is potential to increase grassland production in a sustainable manner by achieving a more precise measurement of pasture quantity and quality. This review presents an overview of the most recent seminal research pertaining to the development of precision grass measurement technologies. One of the main obstacles to precision grass measurement, sward heterogeneity, is discussed along with optimal sampling techniques to address this issue. The limitations of conventional grass measurement techniques are outlined and alternative new terrestrial, proximal, and remote sensing technologies are presented. The possibilities of automating grass measurement and reducing labour costs are hypothesised and the development of holistic online grassland management systems that may facilitate these goals are further outlined.

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Expenditure on the operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants for nutrient removal

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0225 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (9) ◽

pp. 281-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. Nowak

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Removal ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

General Scheme ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Purification ◽

Labour Costs ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

P Removal

Operating costs of Austrian municipal treatment plants are evaluated for 1989/90 and for 1997, respectively. The results indicate that presently the expenses which can be directly connected to wastewater purification, i.e. energy and chemicals for P removal, comprise only about 20% of the total operating costs. Today, in Austria like in other EU countries, the predominating factor is “labour costs”, even at nutrient removal plants. A general scheme for estimating operating costs is presented that can be applied to WWTPs in other parts of the world. In this scheme the important factors relevant to the operating costs are integrated.

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