scholarly journals Unemployment and the Structure of Labour Costs

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Nickell
Keyword(s):  
Labour Costs

Immigration and the tech industry: As a labour shortage remedy, for innovation, or for cost savings?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Matloff
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
It Service ◽  
Labour Shortage ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

The two main reasons cited by the U.S. tech industry for hiring foreign workers--remedying labour shortages and hiring "the best and the brightest"--are investigated, using data on wages, patents, and R&D work, as well as previous research and industry statements. The analysis shows that the claims of shortage and outstanding talent are not supported by the data, even after excluding the Indian IT service firms. Instead, it is shown that the primary goals of employers in hiring  foreign workers are to reduce labour costs and to obtain "indentured" employees. Current immigration policy is causing an ‘Internal Brain Drain’ in STEM.

scholarly journals A Review of Precision Technologies for Optimising Pasture Measurement on Irish Grassland

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Darren J. Murphy ◽  
Michael D. Murphy ◽  
Bernadette O’Brien ◽  
Michael O’Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Optimal Sampling ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Grassland Production

The development of precision grass measurement technologies is of vital importance to securing the future sustainability of pasture-based livestock production systems. There is potential to increase grassland production in a sustainable manner by achieving a more precise measurement of pasture quantity and quality. This review presents an overview of the most recent seminal research pertaining to the development of precision grass measurement technologies. One of the main obstacles to precision grass measurement, sward heterogeneity, is discussed along with optimal sampling techniques to address this issue. The limitations of conventional grass measurement techniques are outlined and alternative new terrestrial, proximal, and remote sensing technologies are presented. The possibilities of automating grass measurement and reducing labour costs are hypothesised and the development of holistic online grassland management systems that may facilitate these goals are further outlined.

Expenditure on the operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants for nutrient removal

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
P Removal

Operating costs of Austrian municipal treatment plants are evaluated for 1989/90 and for 1997, respectively. The results indicate that presently the expenses which can be directly connected to wastewater purification, i.e. energy and chemicals for P removal, comprise only about 20% of the total operating costs. Today, in Austria like in other EU countries, the predominating factor is “labour costs”, even at nutrient removal plants. A general scheme for estimating operating costs is presented that can be applied to WWTPs in other parts of the world. In this scheme the important factors relevant to the operating costs are integrated.

Labour Costs in European Industry.

ILR Review ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Edgar I. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Labour Costs ◽  
European Industry

scholarly journals From Rigid to Flexible Employment Practices in UK Commercial Television: a Case of Government Led Reform

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Trevor Campling
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Commercial Television ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Flexible Employment ◽  
Perceived Pressure ◽  
The Impact

The article locates the forces precipitating the radical changes in employment practices in British Commercial Television since the mid 1980s and proceeds to discuss the various dintensions of these employment reforms jron1 a "flexible firm" perspective. It is argued that perceived pressure from government, rather than jron1 the product market, triggered the unilateral imposition by management of "flexible" employment practices. In addition, key industrial events in British comnzercial television, such as the dissolution of national multi-employer collective bargaining arrangenzents and the strike and lockout at TVam, combined with the numerous changes to national labour relations legislation, shifted the balance of industrial power to management. This allowed "flexible" practices to be introduced nzore rapidly and without disruptive opposition from the broadcasting unions. Whilst the new "flexible" employment arrangetnents have reduced labour costs dramatically in the short term, some of the practices are inconsistent, resulting in employee morale and product quality problems. With governments in New Zealand and Australia pursuing a variety of policies to inject greater "flexibility" and less regulation into product markets, labour I markets and work places, they should pay close attention to the lessons that can be learnt from the British commercial television experience. The impact upon productivity, work practices, and employment levels of politically instigated employmnent change is of importance to an industry; facing such circumstances. It is also contributes to the wider debate on the origins and nature of employment flexibility and changes in industrial relations.

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