scholarly journals Vegetation and Watershed Management. An Appraisal of Vegetation Management in Relation to Water Supply, Flood Control, and Soil Erosion.

1955 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Jack McCormick ◽  
E. A. Colman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Vegetation Management

scholarly journals The application of environmental governance for sustainable watershed-based management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Kagaya ◽  
Tetsuya Wada
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Environment Assessment ◽  
Control Water

AbstractIn recent years, it has become popular for some of countries and regions to adapt the system of governance to varied and complex issues concerned with regional development and the environment. Watershed management is possibly the best example of this. It involves flood control, water use management and river environment simultaneously. Therefore, comprehensive watershed-based management should be aimed at balancing those aims. The objectives of this study are to introduce the notion of environmental governance into the planning process, to establish a method for assessing the alternatives and to develop a procedure for determining the most appropriate plan for environmental governance. The planning process here is based on strategic environment assessment (SEA). To verify the hypothetical approach, the middle river basin in the Tokachi River, Japan was selected as a case study. In practice, after workshop discussions, it was found to have the appropriate degree of consensus based on the balance of flood control and environmental protection in the watershed.

Determination of the optimal capacity of a reservoir considering the effects of flood control volume change on its performance (case study: Darband dam, Iran)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-518
Author(s):  
R. Shahsavan ◽  
M. Shourian
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Optimal Capacity

Water storage using dams is a perfect solution for agricultural, industrial, drinking water supply, flood control, hydroelectric power generation, and other purposes. Integrated management of water resources involves the development, management, protection, regulation and beneficial use of surface- and ground- water resources. The reliability of water supply reservoirs depends on several factors, e.g. the physical characteristics of the reservoir, the time series of river discharge, climatic conditions, the amount of demand, and the method of operation. If a portion of a dam's volume is kept empty for flood control, the confidence values of taking the bottom water demand will be reduced. In this paper, a yield-storage model developed in a MATLAB software environment is used to determine the optimal capacity of Darband dam in northeast Iran (the study phase). The reservoir's performance with respect to demand downstream, e.g. from industry and agriculture, and for potable use, was studied, and the results compared for scenarios in flood control volume change conditions. The results show that, for a capacity of 80 Mm3, the reliability values for meeting agricultural, environmental, and potable water demand are estimated at 0.922, 0.927, and 0.942, respectively. If the reservoir's capacity is changed from 80 to 350 Mm3, the reliability values increase by only about 7%.

Timely Decision Support for Watershed Management with WEPPcloud

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Brooks ◽  
Mariana Dobre ◽  
Roger Lew ◽  
Chinmay Deval ◽  
Anurag Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Erosion Models

<p>Since the development and availability of GIS-based software and satellite imagery, there has been a vision that watershed managers would have near-real-time, three-dimensional hydrologic and soil erosion models that could easily assess impacts of watershed management decisions at high spatial resolutions across multiple scales.  Our research team has made significant advances to address this challenging problem especially in the forest environment. The technology and data retrieval and access has dramatically improved to the point where it is possible to provide useful, near-real-time, geospatial decision support for watershed managers.  This talk describes an online watershed model called WEPPcloud, widely used by the Forest Service and one of the FSWEPP suite of watershed tools, which is based fundamentally on a process-based hydrologic, soil erosion model (WEPP, Water Erosion Prediction Project).  WEPPcloud is driven by discoverable, data-rich geospatial mapping products (e.g. soils, topography, satellite-based vegetation characteristics) and management libraries. It accesses daily grid-based historical and future projected climatic data to provide a comprehensive spatially and temporally explicit assessment of the impacts of management decisions on hydrologic response and sediment transport.  Currently, WEPPcloud can be applied throughout the continental US, and beta versions are available for Australia and Europe. We will demonstrate this tools’ development and application to guide pre-fire fuel management and post-fire mitigation, flood risk for communities where drinking water supplies and water resources are vulnerable to wildfire. We will discuss the ongoing limitations, challenges and opportunities towards more fully incorporating geospatial hydrologic and soil erosion models into watershed management decisions.</p>

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Joint Optimal Operation of Reservoir System and Analysis of Objectives Competition Mechanism: A Case Study in the Upper Reach of the Yangtze River

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mufeng Chen ◽  
Zengchuan Dong ◽  
Wenhao Jia ◽  
Xiaokuan Ni ◽  
Hongyi Yao
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Total Power ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Reservoir System

The multi-objective optimal operation and the joint scheduling of giant-scale reservoir systems are of great significance for water resource management; the interactions and mechanisms between the objectives are the key points. Taking the reservoir system composed of 30 reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the research object, this paper constructs a multi-objective optimal operation model integrating four objectives of power generation, ecology, water supply, and shipping under the constraints of flood control to analyze the inside interaction mechanisms among the objectives. The results are as follows. (1) Compared with single power generation optimization, multi-objective optimization improves the benefits of the system. The total power generation is reduced by only 4.09% at most, but the water supply, ecology, and shipping targets are increased by 98.52%, 35.09%, and 100% at most under different inflow conditions, respectively. (2) The competition between power generation and the other targets is the most obvious; the relationship between water supply and ecology depends on the magnitude of flow required by the control section for both targets, and the restriction effect of the shipping target is limited. (3) Joint operation has greatly increased the overall benefits. Compared with the separate operation of each basin, the benefits of power generation, water supply, ecology, and shipping increased by 5.50%, 45.99%, 98.49%, and 100.00% respectively in the equilibrium scheme. This study provides a widely used method to analyze the multi-objective relationship mechanism, and can be used to guide the actual scheduling rules.

scholarly journals SVM-Based Geospatial Prediction of Soil Erosion Under Static and Dynamic Conditioning Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa ◽  
Abdulkadir Taofeeq Sholagberu ◽  
Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof ◽  
Ahmad Mustafa Hashim ◽  
Muhammad Waris Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Susceptibility Map ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Conditioning Factors

Land degradation caused by soil erosion remains an important global issue due to its adverse consequences on food security and environment. Geospatial prediction of erosion through susceptibility analysis is very crucial to sustainable watershed management. Previous susceptibility studies devoid of some crucial conditioning factors (CFs) termed dynamic CFs whose impacts on the accuracy have not been investigated. Thus, this study evaluates erosion susceptibility under the influence of both non-redundant static and dynamic CFs using support vector machine (SVM), remote sensing and GIS. The CFs considered include drainage density, lineament density, length-slope and soil erodibility as non-redundant static factors, and land surface temperature, soil moisture index, vegetation index and rainfall erosivity as the dynamic factors. The study implements four kernel tricks of SVM with sequential minimal optimization algorithm as a classifier for soil erosion susceptibility modeling. Using area under the curve (AUC) and Cohen’s kappa index (k) as the validation criteria, the results showed that polynomial function had the highest performance followed by linear and radial basis function. However, sigmoid SVM underperformed having the lowest AUC and k values coupled with higher classification errors. The CFs’ weights were implemented for the development of soil erosion susceptibility map. The map would assist planners and decision makers in optimal land-use planning, prevention of soil erosion and its related hazards leading to sustainable watershed management.

Dynamics of Soil Erosion as Influenced by Watershed Management Practices: A Case Study of the Agula Watershed in the Semi-Arid Highlands of Northern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayele Almaw Fenta ◽  
Hiroshi Yasuda ◽  
Katsuyuki Shimizu ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Aklilu Negussie
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN ONTARIO THROUGH CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES

1962 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
D. N. McMullen ◽  
A. S. L. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Agricultural Region ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Conservation Authorities ◽  
The Government

There are 30 Conservation Authorities in Ontario with a total area of 20,000 square miles. They have been established to co-ordinate all conservation work including flood control, land use, reforestation, fish and wildlife management and recreation on a watershed basis.The Conservation Authorities are bodies corporate composed of representatives from all the municipalities lying wholly or partly in the watershed. They may obtain grants from the Province of Ontario and, in some cases, from the Government of Canada.The Grand Valley Conservation Authority, which has jurisdiction over a watershed of 2,600 square miles in the agricultural region of Ontario, has been used as an example. About 10 per cent of this watershed remains in woodland composed of headwater swamps and farm woodlots, and for this reason the subject has been dealt with from the point of view of hydrometeorology rather than from the point of view of forestry.

Real-Time Reservoir Operation by Tree-Based Model Predictive Control Including Forecast Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokcen Uysal ◽  
Rodolfo-Alvarado Montero ◽  
Dirk Schwanenberg ◽  
Aynur Sensoy
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Streamflow Forecasts ◽  
Related Technique

<p>Streamflow forecasts include uncertainties related with initial conditions, model forcings, hydrological model structure and parameters. Ensemble streamflow forecasts can capture forecast uncertainties by having spread forecast members. Integration of these forecast members into real-time operational decision models which deals with different objectives such as flood control, water supply or energy production are still rare. This study aims to use ensemble streamflows as input of the recurrent reservoir operation problem which can incorporate (i) forecast uncertainty, (ii) forecasts with a higher lead-time and (iii) a higher stability. A related technique for decision making is multi-stage stochastic optimization using scenario trees, referred to as Tree-based Model Predictive Control (TB-MPC). This approach reduces the number of ensemble members by its tree generation algorithms using all trajectories and then proper problem formulation is set by Multi-Stage Stochastic Programming. The method is relatively new in reservoir operation, especially closed-loop hindcasting experiments and its assessment is quite rare in the literature. The aim of this study is to set a TB-MPC based real-time reservoir operation with hindcasting experiments. To that end, first hourly deterministic streamflows having one single member are produced using an observed flood hydrograph. Deterministic forecasts are tested with conventional deterministic optimization setup. Secondly, hourly ensemble streamflow forecasts having a lead-time up to 48 hours are produced by a novel approach which explicitly presents dynamic uncertainty evolution. Produced ensemble members are directly provided to input to related technique. Uncertainty becomes much larger when managing small basins and small rivers. Thus, the methodology is applied to the Yuvacik dam reservoir, fed by a catchment area of 258 km<sup>2</sup> and located in Turkey, owing to its challenging flood control and water supply operation due to downstream flow constraints. According to the results, stochastic optimization outperforms conventional counterpart by considering uncertainty in terms of flood metrics without discarding water supply purposes. The closed-loop hindcasting experiment scenarios demonstrate the robustness of the system developed against biased information. In conclusion, ensemble streamflows produced from single member can be employed to TB-MPC for better real-time management of a reservoir control system.</p>

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