scholarly journals Stem biomechanics of three columnar cacti from the Sonoran Desert

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 1082-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Molina-Freaner ◽  
Clara Tinoco-Ojanguren ◽  
Karl J. Niklas
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Columnar Cacti

scholarly journals A Distinctive and Host-Restricted Gut Microbiota in Populations of a Cactophilic Drosophila Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent G. Martinson ◽  
Javier Carpinteyro-Ponce ◽  
Nancy A. Moran ◽  
Therese A. Markow
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Columnar Cacti ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Bacterial Groups

ABSTRACT Almost all animals possess gut microbial communities, but the nature of these communities varies immensely. For example, in social bees and mammals, the composition is relatively constant within species and is dominated by specialist bacteria that do not live elsewhere; in laboratory studies and field surveys of Drosophila melanogaster, however, gut communities consist of bacteria that are ingested with food and that vary widely among individuals and localities. We addressed whether an ecological specialist in its natural habitat has a microbiota dominated by gut specialists or by environmental bacteria. Drosophila nigrospiracula is a species that is endemic to the Sonoran Desert and is restricted to decaying tissues of two giant columnar cacti, Pachycereus pringlei (cardón cactus) and Carnegiea gigantea (saguaro cactus). We found that the D. nigrospiracula microbiota differs strikingly from that of the cactus tissue on which the flies feed. The most abundant bacteria in the flies are rare or completely absent in the cactus tissue and are consistently abundant in flies from different cacti and localities. Several of these fly-associated bacterial groups, such as the bacterial order Orbales and the genera Serpens and Dysgonomonas, have been identified in prior surveys of insects from the orders Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera, including several Drosophila species. Although the functions of these bacterial groups are mostly unexplored, Orbales species studied in bees are known to break down plant polysaccharides and use the resulting sugars. Thus, these bacterial groups appear to be specialized to the insect gut environment, where they may colonize through direct host-to-host transmission in natural settings. IMPORTANCE Flies in the genus Drosophila have become laboratory models for microbiota research, yet the bacteria commonly used in these experiments are rarely found in wild-caught flies and instead represent bacteria also present in the food. This study shows that an ecologically specialized Drosophila species possesses a distinctive microbiome, composed of bacterial types absent from the flies' natural food but widespread in other wild-caught insects. This study highlights the importance of fieldwork-informed microbiota research.

Arthropod diversity in necrotic tissue of three species of columnar cacti (Cactaceae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Castrezana ◽  
Therese Ann Markow
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
North America ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Necrotic Tissue ◽  
Columnar Cacti ◽  
Stenocereus Thurberi ◽  
Pachycereus Pringlei ◽  
Organ Pipe ◽  
Host Characteristics

AbstractWe compared the insect and arachnid species found in spring and summer samples of necrotic tissue of three species of columnar cacti, cardón [Pachycereus pringlei (S. Watson) Britten and Rose], organ-pipe (Stenocereus thurberi Buxb.), and senita [Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britten and Rose] (all Cactaceae), endemic to the Sonoran Desert of North America. A total of 9380 arthropods belonging to 34 species, 23 families, 10 orders, and 2 classes were collected in 36 samples. Arthropod communities differed in composition among host cacti, as well as between seasons. These differences may be a function of variation in host characteristics, such as chemical composition and abiotic factors, such as water content or temperature.

Proximate Composition, Protein Quality and Oil Composition in Seeds of Columnar Cacti from the Sonoran Desert

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ortega-Nieblas ◽  
Francisco Molina-Freaner ◽  
Marı&́a del Refugio Robles-Burguenño ◽  
Luz Vázquez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Columnar Cacti

scholarly journals SONORAN DESERT COLUMNAR CACTI AND THE EVOLUTION OF GENERALIZED POLLINATION SYSTEMS

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Fleming ◽  
Catherine T. Sahley ◽  
J. Nathaniel Holland ◽  
John D. Nason ◽  
J. L. Hamrick
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Columnar Cacti ◽  
Pollination Systems

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Three Species of Columnar Cacti from the Sonoran Desert

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Pérez-Molphe-Balch ◽  
Martha Evelia Pérez-Reyes ◽  
Carlos Antonio Dávila-Figueroa ◽  
Enrique Villalobos-Amador
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Columnar Cacti ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Stenocereus Thurberi ◽  
Basal Media

In vitro propagation systems were developed for Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt & Rose, Pachycereus pringlei (Berger) Britt & Rose and Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxb, three North American species of columnar cacti. In vitro germinated seedlings were used as a source of explants. Multiple shoot formation from areoles was achieved for three types of explants (apical, lateral, and transverse) cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with 3% sucrose, 10 g·L-1 agar and various treatments with growth regulators. The highest shoot production efficiency for C. gigantea was obtained on transverse explants cultured on a medium with 2 mg·μmL-1 (8.87 μm) BA, where 5.3 shoots per explant were obtained. In P. pringlei and S. thurberi the best response was obtained using transverse explants on medium with 1 mg·L-1 (4.44 μm) BA (3.8 and 4.3 shoots per explant, respectively). Rooting of the in vitro generated shoots was achieved most efficiently on MS basal media with 3% sucrose, 10 g·L-1 agar and 1 mg·L-1 (4.9 μm) indole-3-butyric acid. Rooting frequencies were 92%, 88%, and 96% for C. gigantea, P. pringlei and S. thurberi, respectively, and the frequency of survival of the plants once transferred to soil was 86% on average. Chemical name used: benzyladenine (BA).

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