Tree Species Response to Clear-cutting a Southern Appalachian Watershed

1982 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Parker ◽  
W. T. Swank
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Southern Appalachian

Shifts In Aquatic Insect Populations In A First-Order Southern Appalachian Stream Following A Decade Of Old Field Succession

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Haefner ◽  
J. Bruce Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Aquatic Insect ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Old Field ◽  
First Order ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
One Year

Aquatic insects of two first-order southern Appalachian streams were sampled monthly during one year. Sawmill Branch Watershed was subjected to several disturbances before 1968, including clear-cutting. Since 1968 Sawmill Branch Watershed has undergone natural secondary succession from terrestrial vegetation dominated by Gramineae to a herbaceous/coppice hardwood dominated by black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia. Grady Branch, the control stream, drains an undisturbed hardwood watershed. Aquatic insect densities on Sawmill Branch were about twice those of Grady Branch, which represent a dramatic reversal from results obtained by a similar study in 1968. It is suggested that change in riparian vegetation is a major factor influencing long-term changes in aquatic insect populations, and these changes are manifested through a shift toward an allochthonous energy base. The most conspicuous changes in macrobenthos on the disturbed watershed between 1968 and 1978 were a reduction in grazer organisms and a corresponding increase in shredder organisms, especially Peltoperla (Plecoptera).Key words: macrobenthos, secondary succession, watershed changes, clear-cutting, allochthonous detritus, food quality.

scholarly journals How Can Litter Modify the Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from Forest Soils? A Mini-Review

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Anna Walkiewicz ◽  
Adrianna Rafalska ◽  
Piotr Bulak ◽  
Andrzej Bieganowski ◽  
Bruce Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Impact

Forests contribute strongly to global carbon (C) sequestration and the exchange of greenhouse gases (GHG) between the soil and the atmosphere. Whilst the microbial activity of forest soils is a major determinant of net GHG exchange, this may be modified by the presence of litter through a range of mechanisms. Litter may act as a physical barrier modifying gas exchange, water movement/retention and temperature/irradiance fluctuations; provide a source of nutrients for microbes; enhance any priming effects, and facilitate macro-aggregate formation. Moreover, any effects are influenced by litter quality and regulated by tree species, climatic conditions (rainfall, temperature), and forest management (clear-cutting, fertilization, extensive deforestation). Based on climate change projections, the importance of the litter layer is likely to increase due to an litter increase and changes in quality. Future studies will therefore have to take into account the effects of litter on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes for various types of forests globally, including the impact of climate change, insect infestation, and shifts in tree species composition, as well as a better understanding of its role in monoterpene production, which requires the integration of microbiological studies conducted on soils in different climatic zones.

Fourteen Threatened Native Trees of Bangladesh: Which Pretreatment Generates Maximum Germination Percent?

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
G.N. Hasnat ◽  
M. Hossain ◽  
M. Bhuiyan ◽  
M. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Native Trees ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Castanopsis Indica

Effect of different pre-sowing treatments on germination of fourteen threatened native tree species of Bangladesh was studied to find out the appropriate pre-sowing treatments to speed up germination rate of the required and desired species. Hard coated fruits and seeds of Canarium resiniferum, Castanopsis indica, Protium serratum, Quercus acuminata and Vitex peduncularis were treated with sand paper, nicking, cold water, hot water, H2SO4 and HCl. Seeds of Brownlowia elata, Dichopsis polyantha, Firmiana colorata, Lophopetalum fimbriatum, Pterospermum acerifolium, Pterospermum semisagittatum, Pterygota alata and Sterculia villosa were sown in polybags, propagator house and nursery bed in normal, flat and in 450 angle position. Hard fruits of Castanopsis indica sown in polybags without any treatment showed 25% germination but increased to 67% when fruits were treated with sand paper rubbing at the distal end. Seeds of Lophopetalum fimbriatum germinated only 26% when sown normally in polybags but when sown in propagator house it increased to 90%. Different species response differently with pre-sowing treatments but in general pre-sowing treatments increases the germination percent in all the species.

Structure of mixed pine and hardwood stands 12 years after various methods and intensities of site preparation in the Georgia Piedmont

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1490-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Harrington ◽  
M. Boyd Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Georgia Piedmont ◽  
Compensatory Effect

In the Georgia Piedmont (U.S.A.), size, abundance, and species diversity of trees were quantified in a plantation of Pinustaeda L. 12 years after various methods and intensities of site preparation. In clear-cut only versus site-prepared plots, greater hardwood abundance (27% vs. 8% of the total basal area) and size (8.6 vs. 7.4 m in height) were associated with reduced pine volume (73 vs. 123 m3/ha) and increased Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. Tree-species richness was greater in plots where residual trees from clear-cutting had been removed with a chainsaw versus large machinery (10 vs. 7 species). With increasing site-preparation intensity, reductions in basal area of volunteer pines coincided with proportionate increases (R2 = 0.80) in basal area of planted pines. As a result of this compensatory effect, total volume of all pines varied little (122–134 m3/ha) among site-preparation intensities. Research results suggest that site-preparation treatments can be selected to facilitate the development of a variety of stand structures, including those that favor evenness (clear-cut only) or richness (manual cutting) of tree species, low-cost production of pine fiber (manual cutting), and stand uniformity for management of pine sawtimber (mechanical and herbicide).

scholarly journals Regeneration of Belowground Properties and Nutrient Pools in Soil after Compaction: Response to the Reforestation with Native Tree Species in the Hyrcanian Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Rodolfo Picchio ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
Rachele Venanzi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Clear Cutting

The current study characterizes the regeneration in the floor layer and topsoil at a depth of 0–10 cm in the skid trails, dealing with the reforestation of four tree species (Fraxinus excelsior, FE; Prunus avium, PA; Acer cappadocicum, AC; and Quercus castaneifolia, QC) after clear-cutting in degraded forests, comparing to the undisturbed natural forest (Carpinus betulus-Parrotia persica; CB-PP). Results showed significant differences in litter layer properties among tree species, with the highest litter thickness, C (carbon), and C/N ratio under QC and AC, and the greatest litter N in CB-PP and FE. FE plantation resulted to enhance soil bulk density (1.14 g cm−3), total porosity (55.85%), macroporosity (37.72%), penetration resistance (1.43 MPa), soil moisture (33.4%), and aggregate stability (51.7%), compared to other tree plantations, whereas these values under the FE plantation were still lower than those of the CB-PP stand over a 30-year period after logging operation. Litterfall on soil surface under planted tree species (FE and PA in particular) can be considered as a primary food resource (i.e., soil C and soil organic matter) driving biological and microbial activities. Results of the current study can improve our knowledge to select suitable tree species to maintain soil quality and nutrients pool to deal with ecosystem restoration programs and reforestation in degraded forest areas.

scholarly journals Natural formation stands composition in clearings of XIX century oak forests (Tellermanovskoe experimental forestry IFS RAS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
V.G. Storozhenko ◽  
◽  
P.A. Chebotarev ◽  
V.V. Chebotareva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Mature Stands ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The article presents archival information about the composition of the stands in the Tellerman experimental forestry of ILAN RAS, which were formed naturally on the felling of mature stands of the late XIX century in the upland oak forest and forestry care carried out in them. On sample plots in such stands, the species and layered composition of stands were studied, volumetric and quantitative indicators of the composition of tree species and stands were calculated, and the priority of the presence of various species in the formation of the layered structure of stands was determined. In the stands, the state of all tree species is determined, the quantitative indicators of natural renewal, the characteristics of which determine the species structure of the stands that appear on the area of continuous felling of mature stands. The studies revealed that in the late nineteenth century clear-cutting of mature oak stands formed a mixed deciduous forest of ash, maple, linden, elm mainly complex vertical structure without (or with small presence) oak in the dense undergrowth of the same species and the complete absence of oak undergrowth. Records of the state of the main tree species showed the highest points of weakening in oak trees, the lowest in ash and Norway maple trees. The method of reproduction of oak forests from stumps left after continuous logging of mature stands has shown its complete failure and contributes to the reduction of the area of oak forests, the loss of the gene resource of valuable species and the indigenous biodiversity of natural forest ecosystems of the forest-steppe.

scholarly journals Ways to use silver birch Betula pendula Roth regeneration in sites considered for stand conversion due to decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Sławomir Ambroży ◽  
Tadeusz Zachara ◽  
Mariusz Kapsa ◽  
Elżbieta Chomicz-Zegar ◽  
Ruslan Vytseha
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting

Abstract One of the tree species appearing after a decline of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. in the Silesian Beskid Mountains is Silver Birch Betula pendula Roth. Therefore our study was aimed at evaluating this birch regeneration and the dynamics of changes resulting from experimental cutting. Measurements and inventories of trees were conducted on research plots located in a ten-year old birch regeneration site with either no cutting, partial cutting (50%) or clear cutting (100%) of birch. We observed an introduction of biocenotic species (rowan, willow, aspen) as well as the target species (spruce, fir, beech) under the birch canopy. Fir and beech were also planted, because of their slow natural regeneration. The clear cut treatment caused a great number of sprouts growing from birch stumps, reaching a height of about 2 m over 3 years, resulting in competition with the regeneration of other species. Partial cutting did not cause such a drastic amount of sprouting. Furthermore, we found that only the spruce height increment is significantly less under a birch canopy compared to open space. The obtained results indicate a necessity to adjust the density and species composition of regenerating tree species under a birch canopy, avoiding complete removal of the first generation birch cover and the need to moderately thin out birch.

scholarly journals The demography of tree species response to climate: sapling and canopy tree survival

Ecosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e01701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Canham ◽  
Lora Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Tree Survival
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