Calamovilfa longifolia and Its Variety magna

1960 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Thieret
Keyword(s):  
Calamovilfa Longifolia

Seed germination and seedling establishment of Calamovilfa longifolia on Lake Huron sand dunes

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Calamovilfa Longifolia

Caryopses ("seeds") of Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Scribn. are dimorphic (brown and white) and are each enclosed in a lemma and palea. The most complete germination was obtained in lighted (fluorescent light of 1600 lx) growth chambers set at alternating temperatures of 25 °C day (14 h) and 10 °C night. Seed stratification did not increase total germination but the rate of germination was increased. The seeds imbibed about 50% by weight of water before germination was initiated.Under field conditions seeds accumulated in depressions. Seedlings failed to emerge from depths greater than 6 cm. The survival rate of seedlings was very low (0.5%) during 1978 because of a dry summer but was considerably higher in 1979 on south slopes (33%), under willow clumps (44%), and on north slopes (56%). Seedling mortality was due to high soil temperatures, desiccation, burial or exposure of seedlings, and biotic agents. Seedlings emerged from the soil mainly by elongation of the first internode. The coleoptile seemed to act as a protective sheath against high soil temperatures for the growing point enclosed within it. A significantly linear increase in height of seedlings, root length, and number of leaves occurred with an increase in the age of seedlings during both years.

Components of seed mass and their relationships to seedling size in Calamovilfa longifolia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Calamovilfa Longifolia

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the relative contribution of endosperm and embryo masses to seed mass and seedling size in Calamovilfa longifolia. Seed mass in a sample varied from 0.71 to 3.17 mg per seed, and according to fitted functions, from approximately 0.26 to 2.48 mg per endosperm and from 0.15 to 0.50 mg per embryo. Both the embryo and endosperm masses were significantly correlated with mass, length, width, and area (length × width) of seeds. Seedling (2-weeks old) height, leaf area, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were also highly positively correlated with seed mass. Because endosperm mass contributed much more to the variation in seed mass and showed stronger correlation with seed mass than embryo mass, seedling size may depend mainly on the amount of seed reserves in the endosperm rather than the embryo. Key words: seed mass, seedling size, embryo mass, endosperm mass, Calamovilfa longifolia.

Population biology of Ammophila breviligulata and Calamovilfa longifolia on Lake Huron sand dunes. III. Dynamic changes in plant community structure

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1267-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
Ammophila Breviligulata ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
Dune Ridge ◽  
Artemisia Campestris ◽  
Calamovilfa Longifolia

Changes in vegetation and physiography of Lake Huron shoreline were studied by recording total counts and by comparing photographs taken in 1977, 1985, and 1987. In 1977, a large number of annual and biennial plant species such as Cakile edentula, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Salsola kali, Euphorbia polygonifolia, Artemisia campestris, and Oenothera biennis were found growing in association with two perennial grasses, Calamovilfa longifolia and Andropogon scoparius. Ammophila breviligulata was absent at that time, but became abundant through establishment of ramets from rhizome fragments after the storms of 1979 and 1981. Two damaging storms, one in October 1986 and the second in April 1987, wiped out almost all of Ammophila breviligulata, leaving a few remnant shoots among clumps of Calamovilfa longifolia. Observations suggest that the low density (two shoots∙m−2) of Ammophila breviligulata tillers among Calamovilfa longifolia populations on the first dune ridge has resulted from landward extensions of plagiotropic rhizomes from the once abundant Ammophila breviligulata populations on the lakeward end of the beach.

scholarly journals Prairie Sandreed (Calamovilfa longifolia): Water Infiltration and Use

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kristian Aase ◽  
J. Ross Wight
Keyword(s):  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Calamovilfa Longifolia

scholarly journals Effects of annual burning on grassland in the aspen parkland of east-central Alberta

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 985-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard G. Anderson ◽  
Arthur W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Prunus Virginiana ◽  
East Central ◽  
Aspen Parkland ◽  
Calamovilfa Longifolia ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Annual early spring burning has markedly altered the physiognomy and species composition of aspen parkland vegetation of east-central Alberta. Burning was conducted in April for at least 24 years when soil moisture was normally high. The number of herbaceous species per quadrat doubled while a number of woody species declined slightly. Forest cover declined while grassland increased. In the grass and shrublands, cover of the shrub Symphoricarpos occidentalis and the cool season grass Festuca scabrella declined greatly. Major increases in Calamovilfa longifolia, Carex obtusata, C. heliophylla, and Solidago missouriensis were noted. While the cover of Festuca scabrella and Stipa spartea var. curtiseta decreased; frequency of these species increased. Cover of all shrubs decreased, Populus tremuloides suckers excepted, while density of the fire adapted Elaeagnus commutata, Amelanchier alnifolia, Prunus virginiana, and Populus tremuloides suckers increased. Burning reduced the leaf blade length of all major grasses and sedges. Effect of burning on inflorescence production varied from species to species. Annual herbage production was reduced by burning with the grass and sedge component experiencing about a 50% reduction. Burning caused an increase in organic matter and phosphorus content of the Ah horizon. Burning did not appear to detrimentally affect the nitrogen status of the Ah horizon.

Population biology of Ammophila breviligulata and Calamovilfa longifolia on Lake Huron sand dunes. I. Habitat, growth form, reproduction, and establishment

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Maun
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ammophila Breviligulata ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Calamovilfa Longifolia

Some aspects of the population biology of two dune-forming perennial grasses, Ammophila breviligulata Fern. and Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook) Scribn., growing along Lake Huron shoreline, were investigated under natural and controlled conditions. Plants of A. breviligulata exhibit erratic flowering, ranging from no panicles in some areas to 16 per hundred tillers in others. Calamovilfa longifolia plants occur as single clumps of varying diameters and flower profusely. Ammophila breviligulata expands into adjacent areas by producing plagiotropic rhizomes ranging in length from 1 to several m and then producing ramets on some of the nodes. Such a growth form is best suited for rapid colonization of bare areas. Clumps of C. longifolia expand outward in concentric circles through the development of diving rhizomes, and the radius of a clump increases by about 15 to 31 cm per year. This growth form is well suited for local occupancy. Ammophila breviligulata is more tolerant of burial (100 cm) in sand than C. longifolia (60 cm). Calamovilfa longifolia produces larger number of caryopses per square metre than A. breviligulata. The weight per caryopsis of both species is similar, but the significantly greater surface area per fruit of A. breviligulata improves its flotation ability in water, thus facilitating long-distance dispersal of fruits. Establishment of C. longifolia plants under natural conditions occurred almost exclusively from seedlings. In contrast, the establishment of A. breviligulata seedlings was rare and almost all new plants along the beach originated from clonal fragments cast on the drift line by high waves.

Population biology of Ammophila breviligulata and Calamovilfa longifolia on Lake Huron sand dunes. II. Ultrastructure of organelles and photosynthetic properties

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 2151-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Elfman ◽  
M. A. Maun ◽  
W. G. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Ammophila Breviligulata ◽  
Calamovilfa Longifolia ◽  
Photosynthetic Properties

Organellar ultrastructure and photosynthetic properties of two grasses, Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook) Scribn. and Ammophila breviligulata Fern., growing on Lake Huron sand dunes were compared. Thylakoids of C. longifolia contained a relatively greater complement of the photosystem I (PSI) – chlorophyll a – protein complex, whereas thylakoids from A. breviligulata had a relatively greater complement of light-harvesting chlorophyll a + b complex. The chlorophyll a/b ratios of the mesophyll chloroplast thykaloids reflected the content of chlorophyll–protein complexes present in the membranes. Digitonin fractionation of mesophyll thylakoids from C. longifolia revealed that the PSI-enriched fraction contained more chlorophyll than the photosystem II (PSII) enriched fraction. Conversely, the PSII-enriched fraction accounted for the larger proportion of total chlorophyll in thylakoids from A. breviligulata. Whole chain electron transport (PSII + PSI) activity was greater in C. longifolia mesophyll thylakoids, at all light intensities. Chloroplast and mitochondrial ultrastructure were compared. The bundle sheath chloroplasts of C. longifolia contain extensive grana stacking and are distributed throughout the cell. The mitochondria of the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells are strikingly dimorphic. A suberin lamella is apparently absent from the bundle sheath cell walls. These results support the designation of C. longifolia as a C4 species of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide – malic enzyme type.

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