Phylogeographic Patterns in Mitochondrial DNA of the Desert Tortoise (Xerobates agassizi), and Evolutionary Relationships Among the North American Gopher Tortoises

Evolution ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trip Lamb ◽  
John C. Avise ◽  
J. Whitfield Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
North American ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Desert Tortoise ◽  
The North

Population structure of Heterobasidion annosum from North America and Europe

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1064-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Otrosina ◽  
Thomas E. Chase ◽  
Fields W. Cobb Jr. ◽  
Kari Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
The North ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Intersterility Groups ◽  
European Populations

Isolates of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. representing North American S and P and European S, P, and F intersterility groups were subjected to isozyme analysis. European S, P, and F groups had more variability than the North American S and P groups in expected hterozygosity, number of alleles per locus, and percent polymorphic loci. In contrast with the North American S and P groups, the European intersterility groups could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of individual isozyme loci, although significant differences in allele frequencies exist between European S and P groups. This suggests that evolution proceeded at different rates in the intersterility groups, or intersterility barriers appeared later in the European populations relative to the North American populations of H. annosum. Changes in climate and host species associations during the Tertiary may have been a major factor in evolution of H. annosum intersterility groups. Key words: allozymes, forest tree hosts, playnological events, evolutionary relationships, Hymenomycetes, root disease.

Evolutionary relationships in Oxytropis species, as estimated from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences point to multiple expansions into the Arctic

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Archambault ◽  
Martina V. Strömvik
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Arctic

Species of the genus Oxytropis are distributed in the northern hemisphere, especially in alpine and arctic areas. Although comprehensive taxonomic treatments exist for local floras, an understanding of the evolutionary relationships is lacking for the genus as a whole. To determine if different ancestral Oxytropis species colonized the North American Arctic separately, as suggested by taxonomy, we sequenced the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from 16 Oxytropis specimens, including four species that were used in a previous transcriptome study. In addition, 81 other Oxytropis ITS sequences were retrieved from public sequence databases and included in the analysis. The whole data set was analyzed using phylogenetic trees and statistical parsimony networks. Results show that all Oxytropis ITS sequences are very similar. Furthermore, at least six lineages evolved from different temperate ancestors to colonize the North American Arctic. This pattern is believed to be typical of the arctic flora. Additionally, the sequence relationship analyses confirm that the subgenus Phacoxytropis may be ancestral in Oxytropis.

Contrasting demographic histories of European and North American sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence variation

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Genner ◽  
Robert Hillman ◽  
Matthew McHugh ◽  
Stephen J. Hawkins ◽  
Martyn C. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
European Population ◽  
North American Population ◽  
American Population ◽  
The North

Populations of anadromous sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) have been found to be largely genetically homogeneous across western Europe, and across the eastern seaboard of North America. However, comparatively little is known of the relationship between the European and North American populations. We quantified the extent of population structuring present over a transatlantic scale using mitochondrial DNA sequences. We found clear segregation of the populations on either side of the Atlantic, and considerable genetic homogeneity within Europe over a spatial scale of over 2000 km. The North American populations contained larger genetic diversity than those from Europe, and coalescent analyses showed a corresponding greater overall effective population size. Employing calibration points based on a dated phylogeny of the Petromyzontiformes, our analyses indicated that the North American population has been increasing in effective size since establishment ~500 000 years ago, while the total European population has only undergone population expansion only within the last 125 000 years. This evidence is consistent with a colonisation of Europe from an older North American population, and with the European population persisting through the last glaciation within regional refugia.

Phylogeny of Gremmeniella spp. based on sequences of the 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Hamelin ◽  
Jimmy Rail
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Abies Sachalinensis ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Asian Race ◽  
The North ◽  
Distance Methods

Sequences in the 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region were obtained for taxa belonging to Gremmeniella spp., and a phylogenetic analysis was carried out using parsimony and distance methods. A set of hypotheses concerning evolutionary relationships between members of that genus was tested. The hypothesis that all members of Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina are closely related was rejected. It appears that the Asian race is quite divergent from the European and North American races, but could be more closely related to G. abietina var. balsamea. The phylogeny was consistent with host specificity: members of G. abietina var. abietina generally do not infect Abies or Picea spp. but the Asian race occurs on Abies sachalinensis in Japan. The hypothesis that host specialization has created divergence within G. abietina var. balsamea was supported by our analysis because the levels of divergence between isolates originating from Picea spp. and Abies spp. were similar to those found between the North American and European races of G. abietina var. abietina. The hypothesis that greater divergence occurred between Gremmeniella abietina and Gremmeniella laricina than between G. abietina var. abietina and G. abietina var. balsamea was not supported. The level of divergence was as large between the two varieties within G. abietina as between the two species G. abietina and G. laricina. These results indicate that similar taxonomic levels should be applied to these three taxa. Key words: scleroderris canker, internal transcribed spacer (ITS).

scholarly journals A phylogenetic framework for the North American bumblebee species of the subgenus Bombus sensu stricto (Bombus affinis, B. franklini, B. moderatus, B. occidentalis & B. terricola) based on mitochondrial DNA markers. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus).

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-242
Author(s):  
Andreas Bertsch ◽  
Martin Hrabé de Angelis ◽  
Gerhard K. H. Przemeck
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
North American ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Bumblebee Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Bombus Affinis

Königinnen der vier Taxa Bombus affinis, B. moderatus, B. occidentalis and B. terricola wurden an verschiedenen Orten quer durch Nordamerika gefangen. Zusätzlich wurden Männchen von B. franklini, B. occidentalis und B. terricola gesammelt. Mitochondriale Cytochrome Oxidase Untereinheit I (COI) von 25 Proben wurde sequenziert (Teilsequenzen 1005 bp Länge). Die Divergenz der Sequenzen zwischen den Taxa beträgt 30–50 Basen-Substitutionen und die Tamura-Nei Genetische Distanz 0.05–0.13, während innerhalb der Taxa die Divergenz nur 1 bis 2 Basen-Substitutionen beträgt und die Tamura-Nei Genetische Distanz 0.001–0.002. Da die COI Sequenzen keine Lücken aufweisen, können die einzelnen Nukleotide wie homologe Positionen verwendet werden. Jedes Taxon besitzt 8–20 eigene Substitutionen, die als dia­gnostische Positionen verwendet werden können, um das Taxon zu charakterisieren. Das Phylogramm zeigt drei klar getrennte Cluster: B. moderatus, konspezifisch mit der ostasiatischen B. albocinctus, das Artenpaar B. affinis – B. franklini locker verwandt mit der eurasiatischen B. lucorum, und das Artenpaar B. terricola – B. occidentalis ohne Beziehungen zu irgendwelchen Arten der Alten Welt.

Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of the North American Brown Bear and Implications for Conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette P. Waits ◽  
Sandra L. Talbot ◽  
R. H. Ward ◽  
G. F. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
North American ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
The North

Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of the North American Brown Bear and Implications for Conservation

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette P. Waits ◽  
Sandra L. Talbot ◽  
R. H. Ward ◽  
G. F. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
North American ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Evolutionary Relationships among the North American Mallards

The Auk ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Johnsgard
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
The North
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