Dry Matter Yield, Leaf Growth and Population Dynamics in Lolium perenne/ Trifolium repens-Dominated Pasture Turves Exposed to Two Levels of Elevated CO 2

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Clark ◽  
P. C. D. Newton ◽  
C. C. Bell ◽  
E. M. Glasgow
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Yield

scholarly journals Effects of a New Herbicide (Aminocyclopyrachlor) on Buffalograss and Forbs in Shortgrass Prairie

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Harmoney ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Robert Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Shortgrass Prairie ◽  
And Control

Herbicides used to control many forb species in pastures may injure desirable native grass species. Buffalograss, a major component of shortgrass rangeland, often is injured by some growth regulator herbicides, such as 2,4-D and dicamba. Aminocyclopyrachlor (formerly known as DPX-MAT28 and herein termed ACPCR), a new synthetic auxin herbicide chemistry for control of broadleaf weeds, was investigated for injury to buffalograss and control of forbs in shortgrass prairie at varying rates of application. In the season of application, ACPCR at rates of 140 g ai ha−1or less caused buffalograss injury that was either negligible or short-lived, and visual estimates of grass injury were 8% or less at the end of the growing season. At ACPCR rates of 280 g ha−1, more injury was evident at 3 wk after treatment (WAT) than at the end of the season if adequate precipitation was available for new leaf growth. When precipitation was lacking, evidence of injury persisted through to the end of the season when treated at the greatest rate of ACPCR. Buffalograss injury was mainly in the form of browned leaf tips, but total buffalograss dry matter yield was not different between any treatments in either year. The year after treatment, no buffalograss injury was evident from any of the herbicide rates. Final forb control was 97% or greater each year for ACPCR at the 140 and 280 g ha−1rates. In this experiment, rates as low as ACPCR at 140 g ha−1provided excellent forb control and maintained buffalograss productivity.

Interpopulational and intervarietal F1 hybrids in Lolium perenne: performance in field sward conditions

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Management Intensity ◽  
Maximum Expression

SummaryFifteen intervarietal F1hybrids and their parents were evaluated in two field sward trials, representing three levels of management intensity each maintained over a 2-year harvest period. The trials were sown in different years and at different sites. Several hybrids exhibited significant levels of heterosis for total annual dry-matter yield – up to 5–5 % mid-parent and up to 3–6 % higher-parent heterosis. Within individual trials mid-parent heterosis up to 8% was found, while at particular harvests over 25% heterosis was not uncommon. Comparisons made of performance in swards, simulated swards and spaced-plant conditions showed that genetic differences found maximum expression in non-competitive conditions. This was greatly reduced in simulated swards and further suppressed in sown swards in the field. Expression of heterosis was highly specific to the conditions in which it was tested, although the two hybrids most heterotic as spaced plants were also significantly heterotic in field swards.

scholarly journals Motility of the reticulum and rumen of sheep given juice-extracted pasture

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. McLeay ◽  
D. C. Kokich ◽  
H-U. Hockey ◽  
T. E. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
Medicago Saliva ◽  
Conventional Foods

1. Sheep were fed on different diets of juice-extracted herbage to determine what effect juice-extraction had on reticulo-rumen motility.2. The frequency of A and B sequences of contraction of the reticulo-rumen were recorded during eating, rumination and inactivity for continuous periods of 24–72 h by using integrated electromyograms obtained from electrodes implanted in the musculature of the reticulum and cranial dorsal rumen.3. Animals were fed on herbage in which approximately 200 g/kg dry matter had been removed in juice extracted from ryegrass (Lolium perenne), white clover (Trifolium repens), mixed ryegrass–white clover and lucerne (Medicago saliva).4. Over all the frequency of A sequences of contraction did not differ in animals fed on pressed herbage or the unpressed material from which it was derived, although it was slower during rumination on some of the pressed material. In contrast, the frequency of B sequences was higher on the pressed material. The frequencies of contraction of A and B sequences in animals fed on pressed herbage was related to the activity of the animals in the order eating > rumination > inactivity.5. Changes in reticulo-rumen motility due to juice extraction were small and the frequencies of A and B sequences of contraction in sheep fed on pressed herbage were in the range encountered in ruminants consuming more conventional foods.

scholarly journals Sowing ratio, NS fertilisation and interactions of Lolium sp. and Festulolium grown in mixtures with Trifolium repens

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Beata Grygierzec ◽  
Kamila Musial ◽  
Lidia Luty
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Positive Interference

Current ecological trends for production of forage for livestock indicate a need for small usage of fertilisers while increasing productivity. The study aimed to assess yield and interactions of selected Lolium and Festulolium species grown in mixtures with Trifolium repens and fertilised with NS, regarding mutual interactions based on available indicators. A two-year field study (2016–2017) was carried out in southern Poland and the research objects were designed on degraded chernozems. The highest yield was observed for mixtures: L. multiflorum + T. repens and L. × boucheanum + T. repens sown in the proportion 50 : 50, fertilised with N<sub>50</sub>S<sub>15</sub>. The mean dry matter yield was higher in the 1<sup>st</sup> year of the study, in all variants of fertilisation and types of mixtures. The land equivalent ratio differed for species in individual objects, for individual cuts and study years, and was most often higher than 1.0, which points to a positive interference between species in mixtures. Also, the competitive ratio index was often higher than 1.0, which means that grass species were more competitive than white clover. However, in the second year of study T. repens was dominant in multiple objects.  

scholarly journals Seasonal dry matter production of Lotus corniculatus in a dryland commercial sheep pastoral system

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
C.A. Ramirez-Restrepo ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
T.N. Barry ◽  
N. Lopezvillalobos
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
The North

Lotus corniculatus (Birdsfoot trefoil, 'Grassland Goldie') may have a role in dryland pastoral systems in New Zealand, but there is little information available on its production under sheep grazing in these conditions. Dry matter (DM) production of L. corniculatus was measured monthly for 2 consecutive years in a systems approach experiment comparing it with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture in the Wairarapa on the east coast of the North Island. The total DM produced for 2 years was 8.5 and 10.5 t /ha for L. corniculatus compared with 7.3 and 9.9 t /ha for pasture. Also, the moderate concentration of CT (18- 29 g/kg DM) in L. corniculatus has been shown to increase sheep productivity (Wang et al. 1996ab; Min et al. 1999, 2001). This production advantage, combined with improved sheep performance, supports the potential use of L. corniculatus as a specialist forage in dryland areas. Key words: condensed tannins, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, white clover, Trifolium repens, pasture.

SELECTION FOR DRY MATTER YIELD IN LOLIUM PERENNE L. I. DIRECT RESPONSE TO SELECTION

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. CECCARELLI ◽  
M. FALCINELLI ◽  
F. DAMIANI
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Efficient Selection

Selection for high and low dry matter yield within an ecotype of Lolium perenne L. was effective in producing two highly differentiated populations. The evaluation of the materials obtained after three cycles of selection snowed a realized heritability of 0.13 and a symmetrical response in the two directions of selection. The difference between populations selected in opposite directions was 448.9 mg/plant and was significant from early stages of development. After four cycles of selection, realized heritability was 0.10. The low heritability estimate suggested that more efficient selection criteria for the improvement of forage yield are needed.

Genotypic evaluation of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Z. Jahufer ◽  
J. L. Ford ◽  
D. R. W. Woodfield ◽  
B. A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Optimal evaluation and use of introduced germplasm for species improvement is an ongoing challenge. Research was conducted to survey a select set of introduced white clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm from broad geographic origins to assess their genetic potential, based on F1 crosses to elite New Zealand cultivars. The bulk progeny generated from test crosses to Grasslands cultivars Demand, Sustain and Kopu II were evaluated at Palmerston North under rotational grazing by sheep. The replicated trial consisted of the 26 germplasm accessions, three cultivars used as maternal parents, and 78 F1 bulk progeny breeding lines. Three morphological traits and estimated seasonal dry matter yield were measured over four years. Significant (P < 0.05) genotypic variation was observed for all these traits among the parents and F1 progeny lines. F1 progeny lines with traits values greater than the cultivars were identified. Significant (P < 0.05) genotype-by-season (σ2gs) and genotype-by-year (σ2gy) interactions were estimated for dry matter yield. Principle component analysis of the F1 progeny-by-trait BLUP matrix identified 16 elite progeny lines with mean seasonal dry matter yield equal to or higher than the cultivars. Half of the lines had Demand as the cultivar parent, while only three had Kopu II as a parent. Fourteen of these progeny lines were derived from crosses to Australasian adapted germplasm. This study indicated that choice of adapted cultivar with which to cross is important, and introduced germplasm from Australasia is a valuable source of adaptive variation in these F1 progeny. More complex approaches may be needed to identify and use adaptive allelic variation from germplasm sources beyond Australasia.

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