Effects of Soil Disturbance on Vegetation Recovery and Nutrient Accumulation Following Whole-Tree Harvest of a Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Mou ◽  
Timothy J. Fahey ◽  
Jeffrey W. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

Soil Disturbance by Logging in New England̶Review and Management Recommendations

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wayne Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

Abstract The extent and magnitude of soil disturbance caused by mechanized, whole-tree harvesting was studied on a central hardwood site in Connecticut, a northern hardwood site in New Hampshire, and a spruce-fir site in Maine. Twenty-nine percent of the soil surface at the central hardwood site was undisturbed, but only 8% on the other sites was undisturbed. Mineral soil was exposed on 8 to 18% of soil surfaces after cutting, with wheel ruts more than 30 cm deep occupying less than 3%. Mechanized whole-tree harvesting causes a greater proportion of soil disturbance than other harvesting systems and will affect advanced and subsequent regeneration to a greater degree. If deep rutting occurs on wet soils, equipment should be moved until drier conditions prevail; winter logging and conversion from wheel to track vehicles may be options for reducing impact. Skid trails should follow the land contours. Travel routes should be predetermined to reduce the surface area being compacted. Practices that expose infertile mineral soil should be minimized. North. J. Appl. For. 5:30-34, March 1988.

Low soil disturbance during boreal forest well site development enhances vegetation recovery after 10 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
pp. 118849
Author(s):  
Edward W. Bork ◽  
Terrance J. Osko ◽  
Laurie Frerichs ◽  
M. Anne Naeth
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Site Development

The Northern Hardwood Ecosystem at Hubbard Brook in Relation to Other Forested Ecosystems in the World

1977 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Gene E. Likens ◽  
F. Herbert Bormann ◽  
Robert S. Pierce ◽  
John S. Eaton ◽  
Noye M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Hubbard Brook ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
The World ◽  
Forested Ecosystems ◽  
Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

Regional variability in nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, and overstory biomass in northern Lower Michigan

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1521-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Zak ◽  
George E. Host ◽  
Kurt S. Pregitzer
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Net Nitrification ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Oak Ecosystem ◽  
Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

Potential net nitrogen (N) mineralization, potential net nitrification, and overstory (boles and branches) biomass were measured in nine forest ecosystems commonly found within the well-drained uplands of northern Lower Michigan. The ecosystem types ranged from oak-dominated forests on coarse-textured outwash sands to mesic northern hardwood forests on sandy glacial till. Overstory biomass was calculated using species-specific allometric equations developed for Lake States hardwood species. Potential net N mineralization and potential net nitrification were measured by a 30-day aerobic laboratory soil incubation. Analyses of (co)variance were used to determine differences in potential N mineralization, net nitrification, overstory biomass, and biomass increment among the nine ecosystem types. Linear and nonlinear regression analyses were used to predict overstory biomass and biomass increment using potential net N mineralization as the independent variable. Overstory biomass ranged from 92 t•ha−1 in a xeric oak ecosystem to 243 t•ha−1 in a northern hardwood ecosystem; annual biomass production ranged from 1.3 to 3.5 t•ha−1 year−1, respectively. Potential net N mineralization was lowest in the xeric oak ecosystem (52.0 μg N•g−1) and greatest in the mesic northern hardwood ecosystem (127.8 μg N•g−1). Potential net nitrification was 45.5 μg NO3−-N•g−1 in the northern hardwood ecosystem; 10 to 230 times greater than in other ecosystems. A saturating exponential model (y = a(1–e−kx) + c) produced the smallest residual mean squares in predicting overstory biomass (R2 = 0.822) and annual biomass increment (R2 = 0.847) from potential net N mineralization. Maximum overstory biomass and biomass increment predicted from this equation were 247 t•ha−1 and 3.7 t•ha−1, respectively. In addition, laboratory net N mineralization potentials were highly correlated with annual rates of N mineralization determined by insitu incubation (r2 = 0.849). Overstory biomass and woody biomass increment were poorly correlated with potential net nitrification. The exponential function used to predict biomass increment from N mineralization suggests that the productivity of some northern hardwood forests in northern Lower Michigan is not limited by N availability.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic N deposition and the fate of 15NO3- in a northern hardwood ecosystem

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Zak ◽  
Kurt S. Pregitzer ◽  
William E. Holmes ◽  
Andrew J. Burton ◽  
Gregory P. Zogg
Keyword(s):  
N Deposition ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

scholarly journals The Effect of Yarding Technique on Yarding Productivity and Cost

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Spinelli ◽  
Natascia Magagnotti ◽  
Giulio Cosola ◽  
Eric R. Labelle ◽  
Rien Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Cable Yarding ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Steep Terrain ◽  
Tree Extraction ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Lower Tolerance

Cable yarding is a well establish technology for the extraction of timber in steep terrain. However, it is encumbered with relatively low productivity and high costs, and as such this technology needs to adapt and progress to remain viable. The development of biomass as a valuable byproduct, and the availability of processors to support yarder operations, lend themselves to increasing the level of whole-tree extraction. Double-hitch carriages have been developed to allow for full suspension of whole-tree and tree-length material. This study compared a standard single-hitch to a double-hitch carriage under controlled conditions, namely in the same location using the same yarder with downhill extraction. As expected, the double-hitch carriage took longer to load up (+14%), but was able to achieve similar productivity (10–11 m3 per productive machine hour) through increased inhaul speed (+15%). The importance of this study is that it demonstrates both the physical and economic feasibility of moving to whole-tree extraction using the double-hitch type carriage for longer corridors, for settings with limited deflection, or areas with lower tolerance for soil disturbance.

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