Importance of Deer Compared to Other Vertebrates in Nutrient Cycling and Energy Flow in a Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Pletscher ◽  
F. Herbert Bormann ◽  
Richard S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

The Northern Hardwood Ecosystem at Hubbard Brook in Relation to Other Forested Ecosystems in the World

1977 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Gene E. Likens ◽  
F. Herbert Bormann ◽  
Robert S. Pierce ◽  
John S. Eaton ◽  
Noye M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Hubbard Brook ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
The World ◽  
Forested Ecosystems ◽  
Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

Unified Framework II Ecosystem Processes: A Link Between Species and Landscape Diversity

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Waide ◽  
Peter M. Groffman
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Community Ecology ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Landscape Diversity ◽  
Ecosystem Ecology ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Ecosystem Diversity

The discipline of ecology can be subdivided into several subdisciplines, including community, ecosystem, and landscape ecology. While all the subdisciplines are important to the study of biodiversity, there is great variation in the extent to which their contributions have been analyzed. For example, the role of community ecology in biodiversity studies is well established. In community ecology, the entities of study are species that differ in their properties and generate a web of interactions that, in turn, organize the species into a community. Similar to community ecology, the contribution of landscape ecology to biodiversity is apparent. The entities of study, definable “patches,” are tangible. They differ in their properties and generate a web of interactions that organize the patches into a landscape mosaic. In contrast to community and landscape ecology, the role of ecosystem ecology in biodiversity is less apparent. In ecosystem ecology, it often is not clear what the entities are, and how they are organized. To the extent that ecosystem ecology focuses on energy flow and nutrient cycling, we can define fundamental entities as compartments and vectors in models that depict the flows of water, energy, and nutrients through communities. If we apply diversity criteria to these entities, we can use the term ecosystem diversity to refer to the number of compartments and vectors, the differences among them in type and size, and their organization in promoting energy flow or nutrient cycling. To our knowledge, ecosystem scientists have not yet developed criteria for ecosystem diversity similar to those used for species and landscape diversity. There has been some use of the term “ecosystem diversity” to refer to a diversity of ecosystems, implying a variety of habitats, landscapes, or biomes. As discussed above, we suggest that to define the role of ecosystem ecology in biodiversity studies, the approach should be to study the relationships among species, landscape, and ecosystem diversities (chapters 1 and 13). However, since the concept of ecosystem diversity awaits further development, we adopt a different approach for understanding the role of ecosystem science in biodiversity studies. In this chapter, we examine relationships among ecosystem processes, species diversity, and landscape diversity.

Regional variability in nitrogen mineralization, nitrification, and overstory biomass in northern Lower Michigan

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1521-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Zak ◽  
George E. Host ◽  
Kurt S. Pregitzer
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forests ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Net Nitrification ◽  
Biomass Increment ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Oak Ecosystem ◽  
Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

Potential net nitrogen (N) mineralization, potential net nitrification, and overstory (boles and branches) biomass were measured in nine forest ecosystems commonly found within the well-drained uplands of northern Lower Michigan. The ecosystem types ranged from oak-dominated forests on coarse-textured outwash sands to mesic northern hardwood forests on sandy glacial till. Overstory biomass was calculated using species-specific allometric equations developed for Lake States hardwood species. Potential net N mineralization and potential net nitrification were measured by a 30-day aerobic laboratory soil incubation. Analyses of (co)variance were used to determine differences in potential N mineralization, net nitrification, overstory biomass, and biomass increment among the nine ecosystem types. Linear and nonlinear regression analyses were used to predict overstory biomass and biomass increment using potential net N mineralization as the independent variable. Overstory biomass ranged from 92 t•ha−1 in a xeric oak ecosystem to 243 t•ha−1 in a northern hardwood ecosystem; annual biomass production ranged from 1.3 to 3.5 t•ha−1 year−1, respectively. Potential net N mineralization was lowest in the xeric oak ecosystem (52.0 μg N•g−1) and greatest in the mesic northern hardwood ecosystem (127.8 μg N•g−1). Potential net nitrification was 45.5 μg NO3−-N•g−1 in the northern hardwood ecosystem; 10 to 230 times greater than in other ecosystems. A saturating exponential model (y = a(1–e−kx) + c) produced the smallest residual mean squares in predicting overstory biomass (R2 = 0.822) and annual biomass increment (R2 = 0.847) from potential net N mineralization. Maximum overstory biomass and biomass increment predicted from this equation were 247 t•ha−1 and 3.7 t•ha−1, respectively. In addition, laboratory net N mineralization potentials were highly correlated with annual rates of N mineralization determined by insitu incubation (r2 = 0.849). Overstory biomass and woody biomass increment were poorly correlated with potential net nitrification. The exponential function used to predict biomass increment from N mineralization suggests that the productivity of some northern hardwood forests in northern Lower Michigan is not limited by N availability.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic N deposition and the fate of 15NO3- in a northern hardwood ecosystem

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Zak ◽  
Kurt S. Pregitzer ◽  
William E. Holmes ◽  
Andrew J. Burton ◽  
Gregory P. Zogg
Keyword(s):  
N Deposition ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Northern Hardwood Ecosystem

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Harold F. Heady ◽  
R. Dennis Child
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Energy Flow
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