The Nutrient Budget of Colliery Spoil Tip Sites. I. Nutrient Input in Rainfall and Nutrient Losses in Surface Run-Off

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Dennington ◽  
M. J. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Run Off

Nutrient removals with harvesting and by deep percolation from white birch (Betula papyrifera [Marsh.]) sites in central Newfoundland

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Titus ◽  
Bruce A. Roberts ◽  
Keith W. Deering
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Deep Percolation ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Tree Harvesting

The effects of conventional stem-only and whole-tree harvesting on nutrient losses in biomass removal and in leachate fluxes over a 3-yr period after cutting three white birch stands in central Newfoundland were determined. Losses of nutrients in biomass were proportionately greater with more intensive harvesting as tree components with higher nutrient concentrations (branches, foliage) were removed. Stem-only harvesting removed 126, 9, 51, 126 and 23 kg ha–1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in biomass, respectively. Whole-tree harvesting led to a 19% increase in biomass removal as compared to stem-only harvesting, but nutrient removals with whole-tree harvesting increased by 127% for N, 138% for P, 151% for K, 72% for Ca and 90% for Mg. Nutrient losses in deep percolation of soil solution during the first 3 yr after harvesting were generally greater following stem-only than whole-tree harvesting. This may be the result of increased leaching from slash, increased mineralization beneath slash, and retardation by slash of the successional vegetation that could act as a nutrient sink. In the first 3 yr following harvesting, leaching losses after whole-tree harvesting were 4, 0.2, 8, 23 and 7 kg ha–1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively, as compared with 9, 0.1, 7, 28 and 9 kg ha–1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg after stem-only harvesting. Nutrient losses in leachate were generally small compared to losses in biomass removal. Key words: Intensive harvesting; slash; nutrient budget; sustainable site productivity; Betula papyrifera (Marsh.)

LOSSES OF ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENTS BY WATER EROSION IN CASSAVA-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. RUPPENTHAL ◽  
D. E. LEIHNER ◽  
N. STEINMÜLLER ◽  
M. A. EL SHARKAWY
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Exchangeable Magnesium ◽  
Runoff Control ◽  
Phosphorus Runoff

Erosion trials under natural rainfall were conducted at two locations in the Andean hillsides of south-west Colombia on moderate slopes. Sediment-bound losses of seven cassava (Manihot esculenta) cropping systems per cropping period ranged from 26 to 1726 kg ha−1 for organic matter, 0.9 to 65.5 kg ha−1 for total nitrogen, 0.03 to 2.1 kg ha−1 for exchangeable magnesium, 0.04 to 2.8 kg ha−1 forexchangeable potassium and 0.004 to 0.8 kg ha−1 for Bray-II phosphorus. Runoff water contributed substantially to total available potassium, magnesium and phosphorus losses. Concentrations of soluble phosphorus in runoff water from heavily eroded continuously clean-tilled fallow plots were slightly higher than from cropped and fertilized plots. Enrichment ratios for sediments from these highly aggregated Inceptisols were low. Sand-sized particles were selectively removed by water erosion. The higher proportion of nutrient losses with run-off water in our study stressed the importance of runoff control along with attempts to control soil losses and thus diminish both nutrient losses and surface water eutrophication.

scholarly journals An assessment of the functional variability of selected coastal ecosystems in the context of local environmental changes

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1520-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Baird
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
System Organization ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Total System ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Carbon Recycling ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Baird, D. (2009) An assessment of the functional variability of selected coastal ecosystems in the context of local environmental changes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1520–1527. The functioning of coastal ecosystems is greatly dependent on a wide variety of external pulses (e.g. tides, freshwater influx, seasonal trends in temperature, nutrient input, etc.). Assessments of the effect of a selection of environmental characteristics driven by natural and/or anthropogenic forces on ecosystem function are given using selected ecosystem properties, such as total system throughput, system organization, productivity, recycling, and trophic efficiency, derived from ecological network analysis (ENA) of several coastal ecosystems on monthly, intra-seasonal, seasonal, and interdecadal scales. Each ecosystem was modelled depicting data of standing stocks, the flows between the constituent living and non-living components in the system, exports, and imports. Results from ENA revealed considerable differences of the same property (or properties) resulting from physical changes (e.g. temperature, salinity, oxygen, rate of freshwater inflow) over time. A small temperature increase in a Florida seagrass bed, for example, resulted in increases in system throughput, the P/B ratio, and in the rate of carbon recycling, but also in a significant decrease in system organization. The effect of seasonal increases in water temperature and of measured decrease/increase in river run-off to a few selected estuaries is discussed using ENA.

scholarly journals Understanding the distribution and fate of nitrogen and phosphorus in OVERSEER®

2013 ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Selbie ◽  
N.L. Watkins ◽  
D.M. Wheeler ◽  
M.A. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Fate Of Nitrogen ◽  
The Way

OVERSEER® Nutrient Budgets (Overseer) is an agricultural management support tool that examines the flow of nutrients in a farming system. There is increasing pressure from a range of users for transparency of the way Overseer functions, particularly the modelling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss to water. The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual description of the way Overseer models the distribution and fate of N and P in a pastoral system, to support user understanding and correct model use. The core of Overseer is a nutrient budget, which accounts for the flow of nutrient into, around and off the farm. The key strength of Overseer is its ability to model these nutrient transfers around the farm, identifying how much, where and when nutrients move. Other parts of the model then estimate the fate of these nutrients. Nitrogen and P cycle differently around the farm, which is reflected in the way they are modelled. This paper is intended to be a support document for understanding the way Overseer models N and P, and where more detailed information is required, it may be found on the Overseer website (www.overseer.org.nz). Keywords: Nutrient budget, model, leaching, run-off

Possible effects of removal of Mulga on rangeland stability in South Western Queensland.

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Pressland
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Livestock Management ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Acacia Aneura ◽  
Complete Clearing

Thinning or complete clearing of dense mulga (Acacia aneura) woodlands in south western Queensland may lead to undesirable rangeland conditions unless sound property management is practised. Even ten years after thinning, ground storey vegetation in an ungrazed situation is still in a state of flux. Livestock management following clearing can markedly influence pasture composition and mulga regeneration. Poor rangeland management may lead to reductions in pasture basal area sufficient to reduce productivity and accelerate degeneration through soil and nutrient losses in run-off waters.

Raised field agriculture in Tlaxcala, Mexico: An ecosystem perspective on maintenance of soil fertility

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Crews ◽  
Stephen R. Gliessman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Field System ◽  
Raised Fields

AbstractRaised field agriculture in southwest Tlaxcala, Mexico, is a sophisticated, intensive traditional system of wetland cultivation that dates back to as early as 300 B. C. It provides an exceptional example of how farming practices can fit into and even take advantage of ecosystem processes. The raised fields appear to be largely self-reliant in energy and nutrients. Tlaxcalan farmers use canals, aquatic plants, polycultures, alder (Alnus firmifolia) and other trees to intensify the nutrient input into their fields and minimize nutrient losses through leaching and runoff Although the raised field system is an impressive, functioning example of a historically sustainable farming system, it is endangered by modern pressures to increase production through higher use of inputs and alteration of agroecosystem design.

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