Prikry forcing at κ+ and beyond

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
William Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Specific Measure ◽  
Prikry Forcing ◽  
Normal Measure

If U is a normal measure on κ then we can add indiscernibles for U either by Prikry forcing [P] or by taking an iterated ultrapower which will add a sequence of indiscernibles for over M. These constructions are equivalent: the set C of indiscernibles for added by the iterated ultrapower is Prikry generic for [Mat]. Prikry forcing has been extended for sequences of measures of length by Magidor [Mag], and his method readily extends to . In this case the measure U is replaced by a sequence of measures and the set C of indiscernibles is replaced by a system of indiscernibles for : is a function such that (κ, β) is a set of indiscernibles for (κ, β) for each . The equivalence between forcing and iterated ultra-powers still holds true for such sequences: there is an interated ultrapower j: V → M (which is defined in detail later in this paper) such that the system of indiscernibles for j() constructed by j is Magidor generic over M.The construction of the system of indiscernibles works equally well for o(κ) ≧ κ+. Radin has defined a variant of Prikry forcing which also works for o(κ) > κ+ ([R]; see also [Mi82] where Radin forcing is applied specifically to sequences of measures, rather than to hypermeasures as in Radin's paper), but Radin's forcing is weaker than Magidor's extension of Prikry forcing in the sense that the system of indiscernibles generated by the interated ultrapower is not Radin generic for j(), but only the set . That is, an indiscernible does not belong to a specific measure, but only to the whole sequence of measures on the cardinal κ.

The CAT-Tox (L) Assay: A Sensitive and Specific Measure of Stress-Induced Transcription in Transformed Human Liver Cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARQUÉ D. TODD ◽  
MICHAEL J. LEE ◽  
JULIE L. WILLIAMS ◽  
JOHN M. NALEZNY ◽  
PAULINE GEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
Human Liver Cells

Developing a condition-specific measure of health for patients with dyspepsia and ulcer-related symptoms

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Garratt ◽  
Danny A. Ruta ◽  
Ian Russell ◽  
Ken Macleod ◽  
Peter Brunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Measure

The utility of a burn specific measure of pain anxiety to prospectively predict pain and function: a comparative analysis

Burns ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A Aaron ◽  
D.R Patterson ◽  
C.P Finch ◽  
G.J Carrougher ◽  
D.M Heimbach
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
And Function

Inflammatory cytokine inhibition of erythropoiesis in patients implanted with a mechanical circulatory assist device

Perfusion ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N Pierce ◽  
Douglas F Larson
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Circulatory Assist Devices ◽  
Cytokine Inhibition ◽  
Normal Measure ◽  
The University

Mechanical circulatory assist devices (MCADs) are increasingly utilized independently of cardiac transplantation in the management of heart failure. Though MCAD use incorporates inherent mechanical risks, the inevitable onset of chronic anemia, with its associated morbidity and mortality, is also a significant concern. MCAD support has been correlated with elevated plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1b, and IL-6, which have separately been found to inhibit erythropoietin (Epo)-induced erythrocyte (RBC) maturation. Previous analysis of hematological parameters for MCAD-sup-ported patients concluded that an amplified inflammatory response impedes RBC proliferation and recovery from hemolytic anemia. Additional analysis may bolster this assertion. Hemoglobin concentration (HC), RBC distribution width (RDW), mean cell volume (MCV), and cardiac index were retrospectively analysed for 78 MCAD-supported patients implanted for greater than 30 days at the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center from 1996 to 2002. Analysis confirms that the HC, a conventional marker for anemia, declines with MCAD placement and remains below the clinically defined, minimum normal value. Inversely, the RDW rises above maximum normal measure, signifying an increased fraction of juvenile RBCs. The MCV remains unchanged and within normal limits, demonstrating adequate substrate for RBC formation. MCAD performance also stabilizes as adequate perfusion returns. These results further support our previously published conclusion that a sufficient response of erythropoiesis occurs in reaction to the onset of anemia by an increased production of immature RBCs. However, the cells never fully mature and join circulation. The patient’s inflammatory cytokine response to the implanted device most likely mediates the chronic MCAD-induced anemia by inhibition of Epo effects.

scholarly journals Fleeing a Lame Duck: Policy Uncertainty and Manufacturing Investment in US States

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Falk ◽  
Cameron A. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
Us States ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
State Uncertainty ◽  
Lame Duck

It is found that electorally induced policy uncertainty decreases manufacturing investment in US states. In a state with average partisan polarization, the elasticity of election-year investment to a specific measure of policy uncertainty is −0.027. When the incumbent governor is term limited, there is greater uncertainty over the outcome, providing an instrument to demonstrate this effect is causal, not simply coincidental. Moreover, manufacturing investment does not rebound following the election. Rather, own-state uncertainty is associated with a large and significant coincident rise in neighboring states’ investment. These findings suggest that policy uncertainty at the subnational level drives investment to alternate sites. (JEL D25, D72, E22, G31, L60, R11)

scholarly journals Estimation of the mean normal measure from flat sections

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Markus Kiderlen
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consistent Estimator ◽  
Random Set ◽  
Normal Measure ◽  
Mild Assumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vertical Sections ◽  
Almost All

We discuss the determination of the mean normal measure of a stationary random set Z ⊂ ℝ d by taking measurements at the intersections of Z with k-dimensional planes. We show that mean normal measures of sections with vertical planes determine the mean normal measure of Z if k ≥ 3 or if k = 2 and an additional mild assumption holds. The mean normal measures of finitely many flat sections are not sufficient for this purpose. On the other hand, a discrete mean normal measure can be verified (i.e. an a priori guess can be confirmed or discarded) using mean normal measures of intersections with m suitably chosen planes when m ≥ ⌊d / k⌋ + 1. This even holds for almost all m-tuples of k-dimensional planes are viable for verification. A consistent estimator for the mean normal measure of Z, based on stereological measurements in vertical sections, is also presented.

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