Host-Pathogen Dynamics in Experimental Populations of Silene Alba and Ustilago Violacea. I. Ecological and Genetic Determinants of Disease Spread

1994 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Thrall ◽  
Andrew M. Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Disease Spread ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Ustilago Violacea ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Silene Alba ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Experimental Populations

scholarly journals Sexual conflict drives micro- and macroevolution of sexual dimorphism in immunity

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basabi Bagchi ◽  
Quentin Corbel ◽  
Imroze Khan ◽  
Ellen Payne ◽  
Devshuvam Banerji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Seed Beetles

Abstract Background Sexual dimorphism in immunity is believed to reflect sex differences in reproductive strategies and trade-offs between competing life history demands. Sexual selection can have major effects on mating rates and sex-specific costs of mating and may thereby influence sex differences in immunity as well as associated host–pathogen dynamics. Yet, experimental evidence linking the mating system to evolved sexual dimorphism in immunity are scarce and the direct effects of mating rate on immunity are not well established. Here, we use transcriptomic analyses, experimental evolution and phylogenetic comparative methods to study the association between the mating system and sexual dimorphism in immunity in seed beetles, where mating causes internal injuries in females. Results We demonstrate that female phenoloxidase (PO) activity, involved in wound healing and defence against parasitic infections, is elevated relative to males. This difference is accompanied by concomitant sex differences in the expression of genes in the prophenoloxidase activating cascade. We document substantial phenotypic plasticity in female PO activity in response to mating and show that experimental evolution under enforced monogamy (resulting in low remating rates and reduced sexual conflict relative to natural polygamy) rapidly decreases female (but not male) PO activity. Moreover, monogamous females had evolved increased tolerance to bacterial infection unrelated to mating, implying that female responses to costly mating may trade off with other aspects of immune defence, an hypothesis which broadly accords with the documented sex differences in gene expression. Finally, female (but not male) PO activity shows correlated evolution with the perceived harmfulness of male genitalia across 12 species of seed beetles, suggesting that sexual conflict has a significant influence on sexual dimorphisms in immunity in this group of insects. Conclusions Our study provides insights into the links between sexual conflict and sexual dimorphism in immunity and suggests that selection pressures moulded by mating interactions can lead to a sex-specific mosaic of immune responses with important implications for host–pathogen dynamics in sexually reproducing organisms.

scholarly journals Disease transmission by cannibalism: rare event or common occurrence?

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1614) ◽  
pp. 1205-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker H.W Rudolf ◽  
Janis Antonovics
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Transmission Modes

Cannibalism has been documented as a possible disease transmission route in several species, including humans. However, the dynamics resulting from this type of disease transmission are not well understood. Using a theoretical model, we explore how cannibalism (i.e. killing and consumption of dead conspecifics) and intraspecific necrophagy (i.e. consumption of dead conspecifics) affect host–pathogen dynamics. We show that group cannibalism, i.e. shared consumption of victims, is a necessary condition for disease spread by cannibalism in the absence of alternative transmission modes. Thus, endemic diseases transmitted predominantly by cannibalism are likely to be rare, except in social organisms that share conspecific prey. These results are consistent with a review of the literature showing that diseases transmitted by cannibalism are infrequent in animals, even though both cannibalism and trophic transmission are very common.

scholarly journals Review: Host-pathogen dynamics of seagrass diseases under future global change

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke K. Sullivan ◽  
Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett ◽  
Sigrid Neuhauser ◽  
Laura L. Govers
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Host-pathogen dynamics through targeted secretome analysis of stimulated macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd M. Khan ◽  
Marijke Koppenol-Raab ◽  
Minna Kuriakose ◽  
Nathan P. Manes ◽  
David R. Goodlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Secretome Analysis ◽  
Host Pathogen
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