Daily Transpiration during the Normal Growth Period and its Correlation with the Weather.

1918 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
L. J. Briggs ◽  
H. L. Shantz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Daily Transpiration

scholarly journals Effect of iodine deficiency on the reproductive performance of female rats and the viability and growth rate of their progeny

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Vappu Kossila ◽  
Ritva Myllymaa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Body Tissues

The experimental period was apparently too short and the number of rats too small to demonstrate a significant effect of iodine deficiency on some indices of reproduction of the females and the growth rate of their progeny. It was found, however, that iodine deficiency: a) delayed significantly the conception of the second generation females (C2) (Table 3) but was quite ineffective in the first generation females (B1, C1) (Tables 2 & 4), b) did not significantly affect the number of pups dropped or their birth weight, c) increased pup mortality during suckling period, d) tended to decrease the weight of the female sex organs of adult rats (Table 5), e) increased the absolute thyroid weight more rapidly in young growing rats than in old fullgrown rats (Tables 3, 4 & 5), and more rapidly in growing males than females, f) decreased significantly and progressively the PBI level in the serum of adult females which had pregnancies and lactations, g) obviously adversely affected the milk secretion of C1 rats during their second lactation on iodine deficient diet (Experiment II) as judged from the growth rate of their pups during 0—15 days after birth, h) did not adversely affect the growth rate of the suckling offspring of the dams during their first lactation on iodine deficient diet (Tables 3 & 4), i) did not significantly affect the rate of gain of the young rats from weaning up to 60-days of age. The rats transferred from iodine deficient to commercial diet at weaning had larger body weights and smaller thyroids at the age of 60 days than their litter mates remaining on an iodine deficient diet (Table 4). There is of course a possibility that the commercial diet was more palatable than the semisynthetic diet. It is also possible that the iodine deficiency activated the thyroid during the preweaning period and that after the transfer to iodine containing commercial diet at weaning, more thyroxine was secreted from preactivated glands compared to thyroids of the controls or thyroids of the rats kept on an iodine deficident diet throughout the growth period. Thyroid hormones are required for normal growth. A hypothyroid condition favours the accumulation of water and fat into the body tissues and may by this way result in an increase of the body weight. ln this study, however, no attempt was made to estimate the fat content of the body of the experimental rats.

Patients with acromegaly come from tall families

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S174-S177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko Perheentupa ◽  
Heidi Somersalo ◽  
Risto Pelkonen
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. The heights of 59 patients with acromegaly and their first-degree relatives were studied. The mean height SD score (SDS) for the patients was 0.93±1.19 (equivalent to 5.6 cm above the population mean), and for their siblings (N=166) 0.39 ±1.05 (2.3 cm above the population mean) (P <10-5 for difference from the general population). The height distribution of both groups was markedly positively skewed. Probably the parents were as tall (in relation to the population of their age) as the siblings. Growth data were available for 13 of the patients and showed that the height of the tall (SDS>2.0) patients had increased by 2.5-10 (mean 5) cm after normal cessation of growth. This explains the extra height of the patients over their siblings. Only 2 of the 13 patients became oversized for their families during the normal growth period. We suggest that in a part of the population with acromegaly the disease is associated with primary genetic tallness.

scholarly journals Multifactor Effects on the N2O Emissions and Yield of Potato Fields Based on the DNDC Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Wang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Kangjun Guo ◽  
Limin Liu ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Model Efficiency

Abstract Maintaining or increasing grain yields while also reducing the emissions of field agricultural greenhouse gases is an important objective. To explore the multifactor effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and the yield of potato fields and to verify the applicability of the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model when used to project the N2O emission load and yield, this research chooses a potato field in Shenyang northeast China from 2017~2019 as the experiment site. The experiment includes four nitrogen levels observed the emission of N2O by static chamber/gas chromatograph techniques. The results of this study are as follows: (1) DNDC has a good performance regarding the projection of N2O emissions and yields. The model efficiency index EFs were 0.45~0.88 for N2O emissions and 0.91, 0.85 and 0.85 for yields from 2017~2019. (2) The annual precipitation, soil organic carbon and soil bulk density had the most significant influence on the accumulated N2O emissions during the growth period of potato. The annual precipitation, annual average temperature and CO2 mass concentration had the most significant influences on yield. (3) Under the premise of a normal water supply, sowing potatoes within 5 days after the 5-day sliding average temperature in this area exceeds 10 °C can ensure the temperature required for the normal growth of potatoes and achieve the purpose of maintaining and increasing yield. (4) The application of 94.5 kg·hm-2 nitrogen and 15 mm irrigation represented the best results for reducing N2O emissions while also maintaining the yield in potato fields.

scholarly journals Agroclimatic zoning of the state of Minas Gerais for the production of high quality soybean seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda Pizzolante de Pádua ◽  
José de Barros França-Neto ◽  
Rubiana Falopa Rossi ◽  
Humberto Gois Cândido
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Definition Of

In Brasil, Minas Gerais is the sixth state in soybean production. Adverse climatic conditions such as short mini-droughts ("veranicos"), irregular rainfall distribution and especially high temperatures can compromise the proper development of the crop in that state, especially in relation to the production of high quality seeds. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze data in order to establish an agro-climatic zoning of the state of Minas Gerais for the production of high quality soybean seeds. These values were georeferenced in terms of the latitude and longitude coordinates and, with the use of a geographic information system, a thematic map was created, in which the best growing regions in Minas Gerais are represented. The definition of higher or lower climate risk areas was associated with the occurrence of average temperatures during the seed maturation phase, the most sensitive stage of growth. On the basis of the data obtained on temperature and altitude of different locations, and considering the normal growth period, it was possible to outline a map with three distinct areas: Favorable - average temperature < 23,5 ºC; moderately favorable - average temperature between 23,6 ºC and 24,9 ºC; Unfavorable - average temperature > 25,0 ºC.

Control of rapid stipe elongation by the lamellae in fruit bodies of Flammulina velutipes

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans E. Gruen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Stipe Elongation ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Final Length ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Rapid Elongation

Flammulina velutipes fruit bodies only grew normally if the pileus remained on the stipe until the end of rapid elongation when about 80% of the final length had been reached. During the same period lamellae alone increased stipe growth significantly compared with total decapitation. The stipes attained three-quarters of the length of intact fruit bodies with only about one-third of all lamellae. Near the end of the normal growth period, the stipe became independent of the pileus and lamellae. Small amounts of lamellae excised during rapid elongation produced diffusate in dilute potato glucose agar which promoted growth of decapitated stipes of the same age. The activity could be detected when fruit bodies had completed two-thirds of their normal growth but was much less than at the onset of rapid elongation. Tests of diffusates from young and old lamellae on stipes of different ages showed that the declining influence of lamellae in aging fruit bodies is associated both with decreasing production of the growth-promoting factor and decreasing response of stipes to an external supply of active diffusate. Neither pilear context nor any part of young or old stipes released growth-promoting diffusate.

scholarly journals Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. e285-e285
Author(s):  
Amur Al Senaidi ◽  
Ahmed Al Hashmi ◽  
Mohammed Al Ismaili ◽  
Abdulaziz Bakathir
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Condylar Head ◽  
Condylar Hyperplasia

Condylar hyperplasia (CH) is a rare idiopathic condition affecting the mandibular condyle where the growth of the condylar head and/or neck continues beyond the normal growth period. This disorder presents clinically as facial asymmetry and occlusal discrepancy. Here, we present two cases of CH managed at our centers during the period between 2012 and 2017 with a successful outcome. We highlight the clinical presentation, investigation, and surgical management and give a brief literature review.

scholarly journals Comparison of Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Watermelon Varieties with Different Resistance to Fusarium Wilt

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Xu ◽  
Xingping Liu ◽  
Yanhua Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Continuous Cropping

With the continuous development of facilities and horticulture, the area of vegetable planting in facilities increased year by year. Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad) as the main cultivars within the facility, the continuous cropping problem is very serious, resulting in continuous cropping obstacles become increasingly obvious, the incidence of fusarium wilt increased year by year. Grafted watermelon roots developed to improve the growth of grafted roots of the conditions, resulting in robust plant growth. At the same time, the use of different purposes of the rootstock can make watermelon in different soil conditions under normal growth, such as the use of low temperature, drought, salt tolerance, barren and other characteristics of the rootstock. Secondly, the rootstock of the strong absorption of water absorption capacity, to promote the growth of grafted watermelon plants strong, large watermelon fruit, high yields. In addition, grafted watermelon seedlings grow fast early, for early maturing cultivation and overcome the seedless watermelon early growth slow defects is extremely favorable. So the use of pumpkin as a watermelon grafting rootstock, can effectively improve the effect of watermelon resistance to Fusarium wilts. And provide the theoretical basis and scientific basis for the further study of photosynthetic characteristics, disease resistance breeding and effective control of watermelon. In this experiment, the watermelon varieties with different resistance to fusarium wilt were selected, and the anti-fusarium wilt watermelon was studied systematically. There are changes in physiological characteristics during growth and development. In conclusion, grafting promotes the growth of watermelon and physiological characteristics of the index rose. KEYWORDS: watermelon; fusarium wilt; growth period; physiological characteristics

scholarly journals Optimized Main Ditch Water Control for Agriculture in Northern Huaihe River Plain, Anhui Province, China, Using MODFLOW Groundwater Table Simulations

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Rong Tang ◽  
Xudong Han ◽  
Xiugui Wang ◽  
Shuang Huang ◽  
Yihui Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Drainage Ditch ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Representative Area ◽  
River Plain

Controlled drainage by regulating the groundwater level in open ditches is necessary to ensure the normal growth of crops in Northern Huaihe River Plain, China. The groundwater model MODFLOW was calibrated and validated in a representative area, and was then conducted to simulate the groundwater under different main drainage ditch water depth control schemes during the growth period of corn and wheat. Then the scenario with highest water depth (Scenario 20) from 1989 to 2019 was simulated, and the annual cumulative drought and waterlogging intensity (ACDWI) were analyzed in each decade and in different hydrological years. The results showed that the study area was dominated by drought stress. The lowest level of drought stress was achieved under Scenario 20. The frequency of drought gradually decreased from north to south in the study area. Moreover, the ACDWI decreased with increase of precipitation during 1989 to 2019. The results indicated that it was important to store water during the dry season, while it is also necessary to control the drainage in the rainy season to drain excess water on time. The results suggested that the water depth of the main drainage ditch should be regulated by zoning and by season to alleviate crop drought and waterlogging.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Water Requirements for Maize in Inner Mongolia from 1959 to 2018

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3080
Author(s):  
Shuaishuai Qiao ◽  
Zhongyi Qu ◽  
Xiaoyu Gao ◽  
Xiujuan Yang ◽  
Xinwei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Increasing Trend

Crop water requirements are crucial for agricultural water management and redistribution. Based on meteorological and agricultural observation data, the effective precipitation (Pe), water requirements (ETc), and irrigation water requirements (Ir) in the maize growing areas of Inner Mongolia were calculated. Furthermore, climatic trends of these variables were analysed to reveal their temporal and spatial distributions. The research results are as follows: the average Pe of maize in Inner Mongolia during the entire growth period was 125.9 mm, with an increasing trend from west to east. The Pe in the middle growth period of maize was the highest and was small in the early and late growth stages. The Pe climate exhibited a negative slope with a decreasing trend. The average ETc of maize during the entire growth period was 480.6 mm. The high-value areas are mainly distributed in the Wulatzhongqi and Linhe areas. The average Ir of maize during the entire growth period was 402.9 mm, and the spatial distribution is similar to that of ETc. In each growth period, Ir showed an increasing trend. Supplemental irrigation should be added appropriately during each growth period to ensure the normal growth of maize. This study can provide an effective basis for the optimisation of irrigation and regional water conservation in the maize cultivation area of Inner Mongolia.

Photosynthetical and Ecophysiological Characteristics of Illicium lanceolatum Seedlings for Different Provenances

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5406-5410
Author(s):  
Yong Hui Cao ◽  
Ben Zhi Zhou ◽  
Shuang Lin Chen ◽  
Jiang Hua Xiao ◽  
Xiao Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Seasonal Difference ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Transpiration ◽  
Late Growth

The photosynthetic ecophysiological characters of 4 different Illicium lanceolatum provenances in three different growth seasons were measured. The results showed that significant differences of photosynthesis were existed among provenances and their growth seasons. 1) In the early growth period, the decreasing order of the mean daily net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of 4 provenances were Lin’an (LA), Nan’ping (NP), Kai’hua (KH), and Wu’ning (WN) provenance and the order of mean daily transpiration rate (Tr) were LA, KH, NP and WN. In the prosperous growth period, the mean daily Pn ranked as in the decreasing order of WN, KH, LA and NP, and that of mean daily Tr were WN, KH, NP and LA. In the late growth period, the decreasing order of mean daily Pn were LA, KH, WN and NP. 2) I.lanceolatum had the obvious seasonal difference in the average value of Pn and Tr and that was ranked in decreasing order as flourishing growth period>early growth period >late growth period. 3) The path coefficient analysis indicated that the decreasing orders of important factors which affected Pn were temperature of leaf (Tleaf ), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), difference of saturation of water vapor (Vpdl), Tr, stomatal conductance (Cond), temperature of air (Tair)and air CO2 concentration of (Ca).

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