scholarly journals Trade, Balance of Payments and Growth.

1972 ◽  
Vol 82 (325) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Richard Lecomber ◽  
J. Bhagwati ◽  
R. W. Jones ◽  
R. A. Mundell ◽  
J. Vanek
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Balance Of Payments

Trade, Balance of Payments, and Growth, Papers in International Economics in Honor of Charles P. Kindleberger.

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Herbert G. Grubel ◽  
J. N. Bhagwati ◽  
R. W. Jones ◽  
R. A. Mundell ◽  
J. Vanek
Keyword(s):  
International Economics ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Balance Of Payments

THE POTENTIAL OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS IN THE MODERN REALITIES OF TRADE RELATIONS WITH THE EAEU AND EU COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
I. A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Important Regulator

Customs payments are an important regulator of the country's economic presence in foreign economic relations and trade relations. Customs receipts serve as a landmark indicator that provides the revenue side of the budget in its significant income, and also determine the place of the state in the system of the interna-tional division of labor and its corresponding place in the value chain. Customs duties (CD) act as a kind of regulator of the amount of goods imported into the territory of the state, taking into account the state and conditions of the domestic market and the country's balance of payments. The positive financial and economic multifactorial nature of CD is manifested in stimulating the optimization of the structure of imports of goods and services, and in addition, it can act as a tool to protect domestic producers from external competitors, and strengthen the state's trade balance.

Devaluation, the Trade Balance, and the Balance of Payments

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
J. Neill Fortune ◽  
Marc A. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Balance Of Payments

scholarly journals TARIFFE, DAZI E POLITICHE DI COMMERCIO

2011 ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Angelo Moioli
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Practical Result ◽  
Special Commission ◽  
Political Economist ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
As If

Tariffs, duties and commercial policy. Duty systems and trade policies were central in the reforms proposed by the Lombard Enlightenment economists for the State of Milan. This State had originally adopted a duty scheme characterized by the presence of internal duties originating from each one of the five sub regional entities, i.e. the provinces of the State. That means that the single provinces treated the commodities coming from other provinces of the State not as home items but as if they were commodities coming from abroad. In 1764 the Vienna government established a special commission with a view to change the system. The Commission included a young Milanese patrician, Pietro Verri, the author of Considerazioni sul commercio dello Stato di Milano (Reflections on trade in the State of Milan). The treatise was highly appreciated in Vienna since it was the first to show the relation between the tariffs and the trade balance or the balance of payments. This explains why Schumpeter credited Verri as an early econometrician. Nevertheless, the studies carried out by Verri (together with Maraviglia Mantegazza) in 1762 did not lead to any practical reform of the duty system. Similarly, a new proposal suggesting to substitute a single border toll for the whole host of internal duties, did not produce any practical result. The proposal was based on a new study of the balance of trade completed in August 1773. Finally, Verri had no role in the reform adopted later in 1786, even if that was conceived on the basis of principles he had himself stated in his second attempt. But the balance of trade from which the reform was designed had been produced by Baldassarre Scorza, who was rated inferior to Verri as an ‘enlightened’ political economist.

International trade.

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-193
Author(s):  
Berkeley Hill
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Trade Restrictions

Abstract This chapter discusses the theory of comparative advantage, specialization, and trade in surpluses. A two-country and two-commodity model of the gains from specialization and trade is presented, which is then extended to include many countries and many commodities. Also discussed are: transactions involving currencies; arguments put in support of trade restrictions; balance of payments; monetary matters; and government manipulation of the trade balance and exchange rates.

Does Trade Liberalization Improve Trade Balance in Pakistan?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-183
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arshad Khan ◽  
Atif Ali Jaffri ◽  
Faisal Abbas ◽  
Azad Haider
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Effective Exchange ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of trade liberalization, that is, reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers on trade balance, in Pakistan over the period 1982–2013. The results reveal that reduction of average effective tariff rate improves trade balance in the short run, while lowering of non-tariff barriers deteriorates trade balance in the long run as well as in the short run. The analysis also suggests that depreciation of real effective exchange rate and foreign income causes an improvement in the trade balance, whereas domestic income deteriorates it. The negative association between the reduction in non-tariff barriers and trade balance worsens sustainability of current account of the balance of payments in Pakistan.

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