Rules of Origin and the Uruguay Round’s Effectiveness in Harmonizing and Regulating Them

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. LaNasa
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
Economic Statistics

Rules of origin are the criteria used to determine the nationality of a product. They are essential to implementing discriminatory trade policies, compiling economic statistics on trade flows, and marking a product with its country of origin. Rules of origin were easy-to-apply, uncontroversial tools of international trade as long as the parts of a product were manufactured and assembled primarily in one country and other effective protectionist mechanisms could be used.

scholarly journals When Britain Turned Inward: The Impact of Interwar British Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan de Bromhead ◽  
Alan Fernihough ◽  
Markus Lampe ◽  
Kevin Hjortshøj O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
The Impact

International trade collapsed, and also became much less multilateral, during the 1930s. Previous studies, looking at aggregate trade flows, have argued that trade policies had relatively little to do with either phenomenon. Using a new dataset incorporating highly disaggregated information on the United Kingdom’s imports and trade policies, we find that while conventional wisdom is correct regarding the impact of trade policy on the total value of British imports, discriminatory trade policies can explain the majority of Britain’s shift toward Imperial imports in the 1930s. (JEL F13, F14, F54, N74)

scholarly journals War and international trade: Impact of trade disruption on international trade patterns and economic development

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLDRICH KRPEC ◽  
VLADAN HODULAK
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
And Shifts

ABSTRACT The disruptions of trade flows due to military conflicts leads to changes in economic structures of countries, to the subsequent changes in trade policies, and to the changes of established trade patterns with impact on position of countries in international trade system. This paper deals with three modern time’s conflicts: Napoleonic Wars, WWI and WWII. We argue that the changes resulting from the disruption of trade flows itself, leads to changes and shifts which are relatively permanent, independent on outcomes of the conflicts for individual countries, and do significantly affect regions which did not take part in the conflict.

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