The Space Warc Concludes

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Geostationary Satellite ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Commercial Use

The second session of the International Telecommunication Union’s World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC) on the planning of the geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) for space telecommunications was held in Geneva from August 29 to October 6, 1988. This conference, known as the “Space WARC,” completed a long process of international negotiations. It established a new regulatory regime for satellite telecommunications, the primary commercial use of outer space, that should be effective for at least 20 years.

Geostationary Satellite Orbit Analysis Program (OSOAP)

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HURT ◽  
H. NG ◽  
H. AKIMA ◽  
C. FILIPPI
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Geostationary Satellite ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Orbit Analysis

India’s Quest for a National Space Law and the Missing Piece of Possessory Rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492842110477
Author(s):  
Athar ud din
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
National Space ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Space Law ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Emerging Powers ◽  
Space Activities

As the commercial use of outer space becomes feasible, the nature of possessory rights will potentially emerge as the central focus of future space-related activities. The existing international law relating to outer space does not address in detail the nature of possessory rights in outer space and is subject to multiple interpretations. Alarmingly, the recently adopted space policies and legislations by some States have taken a definitive position regarding commercial use of natural resources in outer space. In light of India’s increasing involvement in outer space, it circulated the Draft Space Activities Bill, 2017, to formulate a national space law. However, the nature of possessory rights in outer space is not addressed in detail in the Draft Space Activities Bill. This study states that on account of recent developments happening elsewhere, it is extremely important for emerging powers like India to take a position on broader issues like the nature of possessory rights in outer space (which includes celestial bodies as well as resources contained therein). Not addressing the issue of possessory rights in outer space could have profound implications at both domestic as well as international levels.

scholarly journals Geostationary Belt – State’s Territory or Province of Mankind?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Rafał Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Geostationary Orbit ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Space Law ◽  
Special Area ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs

Abstract The geostationary orbit is a special area in outer space. Because of its distinctive characteristics, it has constantly been the subject of economic and political desirability. Space powers, taking advantage of their technological superiority and rules applied by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) retained a privileged position. Developing countries, responding to this state of affairs, have taken a number of measures to improve their positions. Some of them posed a challenge to the main regulation of space law (Bogota declaration was an attempt to exercise a national sovereignty over the segments of the geostationary orbit), some are based on the use of the legal gaps in ITU regulations. Given these circumstances, the specific case of geostationary belt contributes to the debate on the regulations governing space exploration.

scholarly journals Physics of Celestial Scale Dumbbells

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Leonardo Golubovic ◽  
Steven Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Asteroid Belt ◽  
Geosynchronous Satellite ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Dwarf Planets ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Main Asteroid Belt ◽  
Space Elevators ◽  
Top Mass

The physics of manmade celestial scale objects, such as Space Elevators connecting the Earth with outer space, has recently attracted increased attention of diverse researchers. In this article we review basic physics of celestial scale dumbbells such as the Analemma Tower suspended from an asteroid orbiting the Earth (Clouds, 2017). Celestial dumbbells involve two large masses (top and bottom) connected by strings. The two masses move geosynchronously with the Earth, with the bottom mass remaining close to the Earth and the top mass moving above the Earth’s geosynchronous satellite orbit. Appealing examples of celestial scale dumbbells are untied Rotating Space Elevators (RSE) (Knudsen & Golubovic, 2015). Physics of untied rotating space elevators. European Physical Journal Plus 130, 243.]. Celestial scale dumbbells exhibit rich and interesting nonlinear dynamics caused by instabilities of dumbbell geosynchronous motion discussed in this review article. We also point out that celestial scale dumbbells are physically feasible (in terms of nowadays available materials strengths) on dwarf planets in the main asteroid belt of the Solar system such as Ceres.

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