The Closing of the Mixed Courts of Egypt

1950 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Y. Brinton
Keyword(s):  
New Era ◽  
Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

The Mixed Courts of Egypt closed their doors on October 15th, 1949. At their inauguration in 1875, the Khedive Ismail had used these words: “This day, gentlemen, will mark the commencement of a new era of civilisation in the history of Egypt.“ This was a bold prophecy to make for an institution to whom the Powers had given only five years of life. The event, however, amply justified the Khedive's prediction, and proved once more the truth of the Egyptian proverb, “Only the provisional endures.” The institution survived every test. Twenty times its life was successively renewed for periods varying from two to five years. The well-known words of Sir Maurice Amos, spoken in 1925, when the Courts were rounding the half-century mark, might still challenge contradiction a quarter of a century later, as they reached the end of their life: “I have often taken occasion to remark that next to the Church, the Mixed Courts are the most successful institution in history.”

Literary Contributions of Catholics in Nineteenth-Century Mexico

1944 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-206
Author(s):  
Francis Borgia Steck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mexican Literature ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

Two Poets, both laymen, stand out like brilliant stars on Mexico’s firmament, shedding the luster of the faith they loyally professed on the land they loved with equal loyalty, unfolding for Mexico’s glory the wealth of their poetic genius at a time when the storm clouds were gathering visibly and days of gloom and sorrow lowered over the Church and the faith to which their native land owed so much of her high and enviable culture. The two laymen in question are Manuel Carpio, who died in 1860, and José Joaquín Pesado, whose death occurred a year later. It is generally granted that Carpio and Pesado will always be cited in the history of Mexican literature as the leading revivers and exponents of classicism in their native land, without breaking away completely from the more popular and appealing forms of romanticism. It may be said that, as classicists, Carpio and Pesado took up and brought to fruition the movement begun by Martinez de Navarette and Sánchez de Tagle a half century earlier.

Towards the Courtier: The University Formation of Public Servants in the Age of Richard Fox

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
† Jeremy Catto
Keyword(s):  
Latin Literature ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
New Era ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiritual Reform ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Corpus Christi College in Oxford, founded in 1517 by Bishop Richard Fox, which occupies a particular place in the history of English universities. Corpus Christi College was a new kind of foundation, with a humanist curriculum and a distinctive emphasis on pedagogy. Endowed with lecturers in ‘Humanity‘ (Latin literature), Greek, and Theology—the last appointed to teach Scripture and the church fathers rather than the medieval authorities—it seemed to harness the learning of the Renaissance to the contemporaneous project of spiritual reform and reformation. Moreover, Corpus Christi College’s trilingual library—containing texts in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew—was famously judged by Erasmus as a wonder of the world. So it is that Corpus has been identified as one of a ‘group of Renaissance colleges‘, introducing ‘a new era in the university‘.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
John Watts
Keyword(s):  
Latin Literature ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
New Era ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiritual Reform ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church

Corpus Christi College, Oxford, founded just over five hundred years ago in 1517 by Bishop Richard Fox, occupies a particular place in the history of English universities. Together with Christ’s College, Cambridge (1506) and St John’s College, Cambridge (1511–16), it was a new kind of foundation, with a humanist curriculum and a distinctive emphasis on paedagogy. Endowed with lecturers in ‘Humanity’ (Latin literature), Greek and Theology, the last appointed to teach Scripture and the church fathers rather than the medieval authorities, it seemed to harness the learning of the Renaissance to the contemporaneous project of spiritual reform and reformation; and its trilingual library—containing texts in Latin, Greek and Hebrew—was famously judged by Erasmus a wonder of the world. So it is that Corpus has been identified as one of a ‘group of Renaissance colleges’, introducing ‘a new era in the university’....

scholarly journals Metropolitan Petro Mohyla and his influence on contemporary religious and national processes in Ukraine

2009 ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
P.M. Yamchuk
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
New Era ◽  
State And Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Transformation ◽  
The Church

The phenomenon of Petro Mohyla in the modern humanitarian university is most often viewed precisely from the point of view of understanding his figure not only as a building Church, its defender, in a sense as a Christian conservative, but also as a guardian and building national statehood, creator of religious-national transformation and state-renewal Khmelnytsky era and - later - Mazepa. As the History of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine rightly points out, "after 1632, when the Commonwealth entered into the reign of Wladyslaw IV and was headed by Petro Mohyla of Kiev, the Orthodox Church also entered a new era of its existence. The government's new course in resolving the religious issue, increasing political activity of the Orthodox community gave the Kyiv Metropolitanate the opportunity to restore legal status, to regulate relations with the state and society… This authority (Churches - P.Ya.)… was conditioned by the ability of the church institution to be full-blooded… the inner life of the church became perhaps the overriding task of Petro Mohyla ... Petro Mohyla justified the principles of its own jurisdiction ... emphasized the legitimacy of its power. "

Asquith at Paisley: the Content of British Liberalism at the End of Its Era

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-159
Author(s):  
Robert Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
New Era ◽  
Half Century ◽  
William Gladstone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
New Democracy

Two political campaigns in the Scottish Lowlands mark the beginning and the end of the half century during which the Liberal party rose, had its era of greatness, and fell. They are Midlothian and Paisley. In the first, William Gladstone made use of the new democracy of the Reform Act of 1867 by giving many speeches to vast crowds in a concentrated, spectacular campaign. He also broke new ground by setting out in these speeches the whole sweep of a political point of view, providing both contemporaries and historians with a convenient study in depth of its assumptions and goals. Midlothian was a legend before the cheers had subsided. It began a new era in British politics.The second of these landmark campaigns, that at Paisley, saw Herbert Henry Asquith, the last of Gladstone's protégés as well as the last Prime Minister of a Liberal government, stumping the streets of that industrial town in the first weeks of 1920. It, too, was the object of intense national interest and resulted in important political changes. Similarly, Asquith's speeches covered the whole range of national problems, thus supplying once more a convenient presentation in depth of Liberalism as the leader of the Liberal party conceived it. Paisley provides both a window into the political mêlée which saw the collapse of the Liberals and the rise of Labour, and a reference point in the history of Liberal thought in Britain. In brief, this is consensus Liberalism as it stood at the end of its half century of power and influence.

scholarly journals Duch Święty w magisterium papieży przełomu XIX/XX wieku

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Andrzej Proniewski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
A Priori ◽  
New Era ◽  
John Xxiii ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

Popes wrote about the Holy Spirit at various times in the history of the Church, also at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The reflections bring us closer to the teaching on the Holy Spirit by Leo XIII (1810-1903), St. Pius X (1835-1914), Benedict XV (1854-1922). These popes ushered in a „new era“ of the Holy Spirit. Their successors: Pius XI (1857-1939), Pius XII (1876-1958), St. John XXIII (1881-1963) were described as heralds of a “new Pentecost”. Such a formula is extremely interesting, if only because of at least two a priori assumptions, namely that something like a “new Pentecost” does exist and that the popes mentioned were its heralds two a priori assumptions, namely that something like a “new Pentecost” does exist and that the popes mentioned were its, whatever it was, heralds. This study focused only on some of the aforementioned aspects.

NEW DATA ON THE DOMES OF THE ANI’S CHURCHES. PART TWO. THE CHURCH OF THE INNER FORTRESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Армен Юрьевич Казарян
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
New Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена реконструкции и научной интерпретации форм купольной главы одного из ключевых памятников архитектуры Армении рубежа XII-XIII вв. - церкви, построенной амирспасаларом и шахиншахом Закаре Мхаргрдзели из рода Закарянов во Внутренней крепости Ани, именуемой в народной традиции Ахчкабердом (Девичьей крепостью). Исследование является второй статьей о купольных главах Ани и в то же время продолжает серию публикаций об этой церкви, начатых в 2019 г. в соавторстве с Е. А. Лошкаревой. Предпринятое в мае 2019 г. новое обследование руины этой анийской церкви и обмеры ее фрагментов позволили реконструировать высокий 12-гранный барабан, украшенный рельефной аркатурой и фризом и увенчанный зигзагообразным широким карнизом, служившим основой складчатого зонтичного шатра. В статье выдвигаются предположения о рождении такой формы главы в результате творческого соединения двух архитектурных идей эпохи Багратидов: декорации барабана Анийского кафедрального собора конца X в. и складчатого купола группы монастырских храмов первой половины XI в. Анализ форм барабана и принципов архитектурного творчества в сравнении с памятниками новой эпохи, ознаменованной приходом к власти Закаре, уточняет место исследуемой постройки в сложении монастырских церквей первой четверти XIII в. Как выдвигаемая реконструкция церкви Закаре, так и расширение знаний о куполах эпохи позволяют глубже познать концептуальные основы средневекового армянского зодчества и выявить роль творческого начала в его развитии. The article is devoted to the scientific interpretation and reconstruction of the forms of the dome of one of the key architectural monuments in Armenia at the turn of the 12th-13th centuries - a church built in the Ani Inner Fortress by Amirspasalar and Shahinshah Zakara Mkhargrdzeli from the Zakarian family. The Inner fortress is traditionally referred to as Aghjkberd (Maiden Fortress). The present study is the second in a series of articles on the Ani cupolas and, at the same time, it continues the sequence of publications on the church undertaken in 2019 in collaboration with E. A. Loshkareva. An important aspect of Armenian architecture research is the possibility to create fairly accurate reconstructions based on actual material. Thanks to the masonry technique, strengthened by a rubble-concrete core, joints of different architectural forms are preserved in fragments of ruined buildings. Such joint details in fallen fragments serve as clues to the reconstruction of architectural forms and in determining their order in the vertical composition of the building. A new survey undertaken in May 2019 on the ruined Ani church and the measurements of its fragments made it possible to reconstruct a tall domed tholobate, decorated with a 12-part blind arcade covered in relief. Passing above it is a frieze crowned with a zigzaged wide cornice that served as the basis of an umbrella-like steeple. Attention is drawn to the interpretation of some individual details, to the specific understanding of the covering ornaments, especially to the motif of geometric weaving on the frieze, and to the variations of the floral ornament in the shape of a festoon on the capitals and spandrels. The results of the investigation of details and ornamentation help us to understand the genesis of the composition of the dome and the entire church too. In the article it is presumed that this particular shape of the dome had become an outcome of the creative combination of two architectural ideas of the Bagratid era: the decoration of the drum of the Ani Cathedral from the end of the 10th century and a type of cupola of a group of monastery churches from the first half of the 11th century. The exploration of the drum’s forms and the principles of architectural design in comparison with the data on the monuments of the new era, marked by the rise to power of Zakare, clarifies the place and role of the church of the Inner fortress in the history of monastery churches in the first quarter of the 13th century. Both the proposed reconstruction of Zakare’s building and the expanded scope of knowledge of the cupolas of the era allow us to understand better the conceptual foundations of medieval Armenian architecture and to reveal the role of creativity in its development.

Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Giuliano Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

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