Structural Adjustment and Agriculture: Theory and Practice in Africa and Latin America

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
John Cartwright ◽  
Simon Commander ◽  
Bade Onimode
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Theory And Practice

Collective Health: Theory and Practice. Innovations From Latin America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia Maria Vieira-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Social Medicine ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Sanitary Reform

Throughout history, knowledge and practices on the health of populations have had different names: medical police, public health, social medicine, community health, and preventive medicine. To what extent is the Brazilian collective health, established in the 1970s, identified with and differentiated from these diverse movements that preceded it? The analysis of the socio-genesis of a social field allows us to identify the historical conditions that made possible both theoretical formulations and the achievement of technical and social practices. Collective health, a product of transformations within the medical field, constituted a rupture in relation to preventive medicine and public health and hygiene, being part of a social medicine movement in Latin America that, in turn, had identification with European social medicine in the 19th century. Focused on the development of a social theory of health that would support the process of sanitary reform, collective health has been built as a space involving several fields: scientific, bureaucratic, and political. Thus, it brought together health professionals and social scientists from universities, health care services, and social movements. Its scientific subfield has developed, and the sanitary reform project has had several successes related to the organization of a unified health system, which has ensured universal coverage for the population in Brazil. It has incorporated into and dialogued with several reformist movements in international public health, such as health promotion and the pursuit of health equity. Its small relative autonomy stems from subordination to other dominant fields and its dependence on the state and governments. However, its consolidation corresponded to the strengthening of a pole focused on the collective and universal interest, where health is not understood as a commodity, but as a right of citizenship.

New Forms of Social Assistance and the Evolution of Social Protection in Latin America

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARMANDO BARRIENTOS ◽  
CLAUDIO SANTIBÁÑEZ
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Income Transfers ◽  
Lost Decade

AbstractThis article discusses the evolution of social protection in Latin America and proposes a conceptualisation and contextualisation of new forms of social assistance. It begins by outlining the main features of social protection prior to the ‘lost decade’ of the 1980s and the changes enforced by crises and structural adjustment. It then focuses on the new forms of social assistance emerging in the region, especially conditional and unconditional income transfers and integrated anti-poverty programmes. The article draws out their common features, identifies possible underlying conceptual frameworks, and places their introduction and evolution within the broader context of the new dynamics of poverty and vulnerability in the region.

International processes in Latin America: the legacy of the Comintern and new challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-125
Author(s):  
Anton Andreev ◽  
◽  
Daria Pravdiuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Impact

The activities of the Third (Communist) International left a noticeable mark on the political history of Latin America. His ideological, organizational legacy remains a factor in shaping the theory and practice of contemporary leftist governments in the region. This article examines the impact of the legacy of the Comintern on international processes in Latin America, the development of integration projects, foreign policy projects of the left forces of the region. On the basis of archival documents, media materials, documents of parties and governments, the authors show which of the foreign policy guidelines of the Comintern are relevant for the region in the 21st century.

Social Movements in Latin America: Paradigms, People, and Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Munck
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
Power And Resistance ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

Social movements in Latin America have always attracted attention, but there is no agreed-upon paradigm, certainly not one accepted in Latin America. A review from a Latin American perspective of the strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical paradigms used to understand these movements suggests a revitalized paradigm that foregrounds the agency of people and, above all, brings politics back in. A proposed new, poststructuralist Marxist frame for research on both theory and practice puts a Foucauldian emphasis on the dissoluble links between power and resistance and a Laclau-inspired emphasis on the national-popular. Aunque los movimientos sociales en América Latina siempre han llamado la atención, no hay un paradigma acordado; ciertamente, no uno que se acepte en la región. Un análisis desde una perspectiva latinoamericana de las fortalezas y debilidades de los paradigmas teóricos utilizados para entender estos movimientos sugiere un marco revitalizado que pone en primer plano la agencia de las personas y, sobre todo, recupera el tema de la política. El nuevo paradigma marxista postestructuralista aquí propuesto para la investigación tanto teórica como práctica pone un énfasis foucauldiano en los vínculos disolubles entre el poder y la resistencia, así como un énfasis en lo nacional y popular inspirado por Laclau.

Theory and practice of corporate finance: Evidence and distinctive features in Latin America

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos P. Maquieira ◽  
Lorenzo A. Preve ◽  
Virginia Sarria-Allende
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Distinctive Features
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