An Alternative Formulation of the Birth Function in a Two-Sex Model

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithwis Das Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Birth Function

Strategi Penyelenggaraan Diklat Dan Ujian Sertifikasi Keahlian Pengadaan Barang/ Jasa Pemerintah Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Magelang

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Wiharyanto Wiharyanto
Keyword(s):  
Education And Training ◽  
Test System ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Certification Exams ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Training

The study aims to analyze about the low graduation and certification exam training participants of the procurement of goods / services of the government and its contributing factors, and formulate a strategy of education and training and skills certification exams procurement of goods / services of the government. Collecting data using the method of study documentation, interviews, and questionnaires. Is the official source of information on the structural and functional Regional Employment Board, as well as the participants of the training and skills certification exams procurement of goods / services of the government in Magelang regency government environment. Analysis using 4 quadrant SWOT analysis, to determine the issue or strategic factors in improving the quality of education and training and skills certification exams procurement of government goods / services within the Government of Magelang regency. The results show organizer position is in quadrant I, which is supporting the growth strategy, with 3 alternative formulation strategies that improve the quality of education and training and skills certification exams procurement of government goods / services, and conducts certification examination of the procurement of government goods / services with computer assisted test system (CAT). Based on the research recommendations formulated advice to the organizing committee, namely: of prospective participants of the training and skills certification exams procurement of goods / services the government should consider the motivation of civil servants, is examinees who have attended training in the same period of the year, the need for simulation procurement of goods / services significantly, an additional allocation of training time, giving sanction to civil servants who have not passed the exam, the provision of adequate classroom space with the number of participants of each class are proportional, as well as explore the evaluation of education and training and skills certification exams procurement of goods / services for Government of participants.

Scalable Computing Architecture for Time-Dependent Transportation Optimization Problems Based on High-Performance Computing Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei (Taylor) Li ◽  
Peirong (Slade) Wang ◽  
Farzana Chowdhury ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
High Performance Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Performance Computing ◽  
Transportation Optimization

Traditional formulations for transportation optimization problems mostly build complicating attributes into constraints while keeping the succinctness of objective functions. A popular solution is the Lagrangian decomposition by relaxing complicating constraints and then solving iteratively. Although this approach is effective for many problems, it generates intractability in other problems. To address this issue, this paper presents an alternative formulation for transportation optimization problems in which the complicating attributes of target problems are partially or entirely built into the objective function instead of into the constraints. Many mathematical complicating constraints in transportation problems can be efficiently modeled in dynamic network loading (DNL) models based on the demand–supply equilibrium, such as the various road or vehicle capacity constraints or “IF–THEN” type constraints. After “pre-building” complicating constraints into the objective functions, the objective function can be approximated well with customized high-fidelity DNL models. Three types of computing benefits can be achieved in the alternative formulation: ( a) the original problem will be kept the same; ( b) computing complexity of the new formulation may be significantly reduced because of the disappearance of hard constraints; ( c) efficiency loss on the objective function side can be mitigated via multiple high-performance computing techniques. Under this new framework, high-fidelity and problem-specific DNL models will be critical to maintain the attributes of original problems. Therefore, the authors’ recent efforts in enhancing the DNL’s fidelity and computing efficiency are also described in the second part of this paper. Finally, a demonstration case study is conducted to validate the new approach.

scholarly journals Closed-form time derivatives of the equations of motion of rigid body systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Müller ◽  
Shivesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Multibody Systems ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Dynamics Of Rigid Body ◽  
Control Forces ◽  
And Control ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractDerivatives of equations of motion (EOM) describing the dynamics of rigid body systems are becoming increasingly relevant for the robotics community and find many applications in design and control of robotic systems. Controlling robots, and multibody systems comprising elastic components in particular, not only requires smooth trajectories but also the time derivatives of the control forces/torques, hence of the EOM. This paper presents the time derivatives of the EOM in closed form up to second-order as an alternative formulation to the existing recursive algorithms for this purpose, which provides a direct insight into the structure of the derivatives. The Lie group formulation for rigid body systems is used giving rise to very compact and easily parameterized equations.

scholarly journals Aerosolized Niosome Formulation Containing Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Lung Cancer Treatment: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Norfatin Izzatie Mohamad Saimi ◽  
Norazlinaliza Salim ◽  
Noraini Ahmad ◽  
Emilia Abdulmalek ◽  
Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Treatment Optimization ◽  
Lung Cancer Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Dialysis Bag ◽  
Cytotoxicity Effects

Gemcitabine (Gem) and cisplatin (Cis) are currently being used for lung cancer treatment, but they are highly toxic in high dosages. This research aimed to develop a niosome formulation containing a low-dosage Gem and Cis (NGC), as an alternative formulation for lung cancer treatment. NGC was prepared using a very simple heating method and was further optimized by D-optimal mixture design. The optimum NGC formulation with particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of 166.45 nm, 0.16, and −15.28 mV, respectively, was obtained and remained stable at 27 °C with no phase separation for up to 90 days. The aerosol output was 96.22%, which indicates its suitability as aerosolized formulation. An in vitro drug release study using the dialysis bag diffusion technique showed controlled release for both drugs up to 24 h penetration. A cytotoxicity study against normal lung (MRC5) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines was investigated. The results showed that the optimized NGC had reduced cytotoxicity effects against both MRC5 and A549 when compared with the control (Gem + Cis alone) from very toxic (IC50 < 1.56 µg/mL) to weakly toxic (IC50 280.00 µg/mL) and moderately toxic (IC50 = 46.00 µg/mL), respectively, after 72 h of treatment. These findings revealed that the optimized NGC has excellent potential and is a promising prospect in aerosolized delivery systems to treat lung cancer that warrants further investigation.

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