Consequences of Son Preference in a Low-Fertility Society: Imbalance of the Sex Ratio at Birth in Korea

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chai Bin Park ◽  
Nam-Hoon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth

Son preference and the sex ratio at birth in China: A provincial level analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dudley L. Poston ◽  
Baochang Gu ◽  
Peihang Peggy Liu ◽  
Terra McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Level Analysis

Sex ratio at birth and son preference

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Marcus W. Feldman ◽  
Shripad Tuljapurkar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth

中国农村生育转变的类型与宗族文化的区域差异

Rural China ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-310
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Village Communities

Abstract By linking the decline in the total fertility rate since the 1970s and the emergence of an unbalanced sex ratio at birth in different regions, this article defines two main types of fertility transition in rural China—a smooth and balanced fertility transition versus an obstructed and unbalanced fertility transition—and analyzes their regional distribution. The distribution of these two types is related to the regional variation in lineage culture. For historical reasons, village communities of different regions have different social networks and norms associated with lineage institutions. The regional variation with regard to these two types clearly impacts the population planning policy’s degree of control over fertility. It also constitutes the main factor behind different fertility behavior of the villagers of different regions. Mutual interaction of these two factors produces a very interesting spatial distribution of fertility transition in rural China. In the cultural region encompassing South China and the Central Plains, the decline in the fertility rate has lagged behind other regions and a severely unbalanced sex ratio at birth has appeared within the context of a strong lineage culture impacting fertility transition. On the other hand, the Northeast and Southwest China as well as most of the Yangzi River Valley, where the history of the villages is short and lineage culture is weak, have taken the lead in achieving a relatively low fertility rate while maintaining a balanced sex ratio at birth. (This article is in English.) 摘要 本文根据 20 世纪 70 年代以来总和生育率下降与出生性别比失衡在不同区域的组合， 将中国农村生育转变归纳为 “阻滞—失衡型” 生育转变和 “平滑—均衡” 型生育转变等两种类型。生育转变类型与宗族文化的区域差异有关，不同区域村庄社区内部宗族社会网络与宗族规范因为历史原因而存在差异，这两个因素交织在一起，使得中国农村生育转变存在十分有趣的空间分布：在华南以及中原等文化区，在宗族文化及其社会结构的作用下，生育率下降相对滞后，同时出现严重出生性别比失衡；而在村庄历史比较短暂、宗族文化薄弱的东北、西南、长江流域的大部分地区，率先达到较低的生育水平，出生性别比大致保持平衡。

scholarly journals IS THERE SON PREFERENCE IN INDIA? - AN ANALYSIS BASED ON SEX RATIO AT BIRTH AND ORDER OF BIRTH

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Zabeena Hameed. P
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Old Age Security ◽  
First Child ◽  
Normal Expectation ◽  
Marginal Improvement

Based on NFHS data, the paper observes that females are significantly under-represented among the births in India. NFHS reports provide strong evidence of decline in sex ratios of the population aged 0-6 and in the Sex Ratio at Birth for births in the five years preceding the survey. Against the normal expectation that the sex of the first child is less likely to be controlled, NFHS provides strong evidence that, the Sex Ratio at Birth for first-born children has been below normal in all its surveys and has been declining steadily, except for NFHS-4, where it registered a marginal improvement. Also, the Sex Ratio at Birth for births at order two is substantially lower than at order one and at any other birth order, revealing strong son preference. The Sex Ratio at Birth for births at order three is also lower than the Sex Ratio at Birth for all births except births of order two, suggesting that substantial proportions of couples with two or three children stop having more children only if their last birth is a boy. Modern science and technology have been widely misused to determine the sex of unborn children and this has ended up in terminating unwanted and burdensome pregnancies. Myopia of individuals and authorities culminated in 'gendercide'. Prosperity effect, breadwinner desire, old age security and religious rights and powers, and a host of other factors ended up in the masculinization of India's population

scholarly journals Can Hepatitis B Mothers Account for the Number of Missing Women? Evidence from Three Million Newborns in Taiwan

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2259-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jen Lin ◽  
Ming-Ching Luoh
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Male Birth ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Missing Women

The “missing women” phenomenon in many Asian countries has previously been regarded as the result of son preference. However, some studies have argued half of the missing women can be explained by infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV). We demonstrate that the probability of having a male birth is only slightly higher for HBV mothers than for mothers without HBV. The sex ratio at birth rises for the higher birth order and that in families where the first two children are female. Our findings suggest that HBV status has little impact on the missing women phenomenon. (JEL I12, J16)

scholarly journals Financial Incentives and the Fertility-Sex Ratio Trade-Off

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Anukriti
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Do So

Can financial incentives resolve the fertility-sex ratio trade-off faced by countries with persistent son preference and easy access to sex-selection technology? An Indian program, Devi Rupak, that seeks to lower fertility and the sex ratio is unable to do so. Although fertility decreases, the sex ratio at birth worsens as high son preference families are unwilling to forgo a son despite substantially higher benefits for a daughter. Thus, financial incentives may only play a limited role in the resolution of the fertility-sex ratio conflict. (JEL I38, J13, J16, J18, O15)

SEX RATIO AT BIRTH AND FACTORS AFFECTING SON PREFERENCE OF COUPLES IN HIEP DUC DISTRICT, QUANG NAM PROVINCE, 2014

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Hoang Lan Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Nhan Phan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Development Plan ◽  
Community Pressure

Objective: To define sex ratio at birth and to identify factors affecting son preference of couples at study area. Material and Method: This was a cross sectional study. Primary data was collected by directly interviewing 620 mothers who have baby from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Secondary data was received from documents recording number of babies who were born and still live in the study setting during the study time. Multiple logistic regression model was used to identify factors influencing son preference of the couples. Results: The sex ratio at birth in Hiep Duc district was 113.3/100. Factors affecting son preference of the couple were residence place (OR=2.91; 95% CI: 1.137.52); economic situation of household (OR=2.64; 95% CI: 1.23-5.66) and community pressure (OR=2.18; 95% CI: 1.15-4.12). Conclusion: There is the imbalance of sex ratio at birth in Hiep Duc district in 2014. It should be strengthened the propaganda and advocacy in the community to raise the awareness on gender equality and integrate this content into the local socio-economic development plan. Key words: sex ratio at birth, the imbalance of sex ration at birth, Quang Nam

Child Gender and Parental Inputs: No More Son Preference in Korea?

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Jawon Choi ◽  
Jisoo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Private Education ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Potential Bias ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Endogenous Fertility ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Fertility Decisions

Sex ratio at birth remains highly skewed in Asian countries due to son preference. In South Korea, however, it has declined to the natural ratio. In this paper, we investigate whether son preference has disappeared in Korea by analyzing parents' time and monetary inputs by the sex of their child. We exploit randomness of the first child's sex to overcome potential bias from endogenous fertility decisions. Our findings show that mothers are more likely to work after having a girl, girls spend twice as much time as boys in housework activities, and parents spend more on private education for boys.

scholarly journals An Ethnographic Exploration of Son Preference and Inheritance Practices in Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Diāna Kiščenko
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Women's Experience

Abstract Montenegro is one of the 10 countries in the world with the most imbalanced sex ratio at birth, pointing to the existence of son preference in Montenegrin society. While, over the last decade, international and local organizations have raised awareness of this issue, empirical studies about this phenomenon in Montenegro are scarce. The author conducts an ethnographic exploration into women’s experience of son preference in central Montenegro by presenting their personal and intimate perspective. The resulting paper suggests that son preference is shaped by and manifests through the inheritance practice of property being passed on to the male heir. Through her analysis, the author demonstrates how ideas about gender roles, family planning, housing and inheritance strategies swing back and forth between ‘traditional’ and ‘modern,’ ‘backward’ and ‘progressive.’

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