Son Preference, Fertility Decline and the Future of the Sex Ratio at Birth

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjit S. Bhalla ◽  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Manoj Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
The Future

Changing Mindsets: How China's Abnormal Sex Ratio Is Turning Its Government into a Champion of Gender Equality

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ying Tan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
The Government

AbstractA combination of factors has led to an increasing imbalance in the sex ratio of China's population. China's sex ratio at birth is 119 boys per 100 girls, far above the global norm of 106. This paper will focus on the abnormal sex ratio as a consequence of traditional Chinese gender attitudes holding women inferior and subordinate to men, which have been brought to the fore by a combination of fertility decline and technological advancement. Accordingly, any solution to the demographic problem must address these prevalent, entrenched mind-sets. The government appears to realise that existing laws prohibiting sex-selective abortion and infanticide will fail to correct the sex ratio. This paper examines the trend in government responses towards efforts to address traditional gender attitudes and argues that the demographic crisis may have turned the Chinese government into an unlikely champion of gender equality.

Son preference and the sex ratio at birth in China: A provincial level analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dudley L. Poston ◽  
Baochang Gu ◽  
Peihang Peggy Liu ◽  
Terra McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Level Analysis

Sex ratio at birth and son preference

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Marcus W. Feldman ◽  
Shripad Tuljapurkar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth

scholarly journals IS THERE SON PREFERENCE IN INDIA? - AN ANALYSIS BASED ON SEX RATIO AT BIRTH AND ORDER OF BIRTH

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Zabeena Hameed. P
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Old Age Security ◽  
First Child ◽  
Normal Expectation ◽  
Marginal Improvement

Based on NFHS data, the paper observes that females are significantly under-represented among the births in India. NFHS reports provide strong evidence of decline in sex ratios of the population aged 0-6 and in the Sex Ratio at Birth for births in the five years preceding the survey. Against the normal expectation that the sex of the first child is less likely to be controlled, NFHS provides strong evidence that, the Sex Ratio at Birth for first-born children has been below normal in all its surveys and has been declining steadily, except for NFHS-4, where it registered a marginal improvement. Also, the Sex Ratio at Birth for births at order two is substantially lower than at order one and at any other birth order, revealing strong son preference. The Sex Ratio at Birth for births at order three is also lower than the Sex Ratio at Birth for all births except births of order two, suggesting that substantial proportions of couples with two or three children stop having more children only if their last birth is a boy. Modern science and technology have been widely misused to determine the sex of unborn children and this has ended up in terminating unwanted and burdensome pregnancies. Myopia of individuals and authorities culminated in 'gendercide'. Prosperity effect, breadwinner desire, old age security and religious rights and powers, and a host of other factors ended up in the masculinization of India's population

scholarly journals Can Hepatitis B Mothers Account for the Number of Missing Women? Evidence from Three Million Newborns in Taiwan

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2259-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jen Lin ◽  
Ming-Ching Luoh
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Male Birth ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Missing Women

The “missing women” phenomenon in many Asian countries has previously been regarded as the result of son preference. However, some studies have argued half of the missing women can be explained by infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV). We demonstrate that the probability of having a male birth is only slightly higher for HBV mothers than for mothers without HBV. The sex ratio at birth rises for the higher birth order and that in families where the first two children are female. Our findings suggest that HBV status has little impact on the missing women phenomenon. (JEL I12, J16)

scholarly journals Financial Incentives and the Fertility-Sex Ratio Trade-Off

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Anukriti
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Sex Selection ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Do So

Can financial incentives resolve the fertility-sex ratio trade-off faced by countries with persistent son preference and easy access to sex-selection technology? An Indian program, Devi Rupak, that seeks to lower fertility and the sex ratio is unable to do so. Although fertility decreases, the sex ratio at birth worsens as high son preference families are unwilling to forgo a son despite substantially higher benefits for a daughter. Thus, financial incentives may only play a limited role in the resolution of the fertility-sex ratio conflict. (JEL I38, J13, J16, J18, O15)

SEX RATIO AT BIRTH AND FACTORS AFFECTING SON PREFERENCE OF COUPLES IN HIEP DUC DISTRICT, QUANG NAM PROVINCE, 2014

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Hoang Lan Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Nhan Phan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Development Plan ◽  
Community Pressure

Objective: To define sex ratio at birth and to identify factors affecting son preference of couples at study area. Material and Method: This was a cross sectional study. Primary data was collected by directly interviewing 620 mothers who have baby from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Secondary data was received from documents recording number of babies who were born and still live in the study setting during the study time. Multiple logistic regression model was used to identify factors influencing son preference of the couples. Results: The sex ratio at birth in Hiep Duc district was 113.3/100. Factors affecting son preference of the couple were residence place (OR=2.91; 95% CI: 1.137.52); economic situation of household (OR=2.64; 95% CI: 1.23-5.66) and community pressure (OR=2.18; 95% CI: 1.15-4.12). Conclusion: There is the imbalance of sex ratio at birth in Hiep Duc district in 2014. It should be strengthened the propaganda and advocacy in the community to raise the awareness on gender equality and integrate this content into the local socio-economic development plan. Key words: sex ratio at birth, the imbalance of sex ration at birth, Quang Nam

Child Gender and Parental Inputs: No More Son Preference in Korea?

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Jawon Choi ◽  
Jisoo Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Private Education ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Potential Bias ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Endogenous Fertility ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Fertility Decisions

Sex ratio at birth remains highly skewed in Asian countries due to son preference. In South Korea, however, it has declined to the natural ratio. In this paper, we investigate whether son preference has disappeared in Korea by analyzing parents' time and monetary inputs by the sex of their child. We exploit randomness of the first child's sex to overcome potential bias from endogenous fertility decisions. Our findings show that mothers are more likely to work after having a girl, girls spend twice as much time as boys in housework activities, and parents spend more on private education for boys.

scholarly journals An Ethnographic Exploration of Son Preference and Inheritance Practices in Montenegro

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Diāna Kiščenko
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Son Preference ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Women's Experience

Abstract Montenegro is one of the 10 countries in the world with the most imbalanced sex ratio at birth, pointing to the existence of son preference in Montenegrin society. While, over the last decade, international and local organizations have raised awareness of this issue, empirical studies about this phenomenon in Montenegro are scarce. The author conducts an ethnographic exploration into women’s experience of son preference in central Montenegro by presenting their personal and intimate perspective. The resulting paper suggests that son preference is shaped by and manifests through the inheritance practice of property being passed on to the male heir. Through her analysis, the author demonstrates how ideas about gender roles, family planning, housing and inheritance strategies swing back and forth between ‘traditional’ and ‘modern,’ ‘backward’ and ‘progressive.’

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