Detente and the Democratic Movement in the USSR.Frederick C. BarghoornRevolutionary Law and Order: Politics and Social Change in the USSR.Peter H. Juviler

In this article, the author aims to contrast the traditional architecture-oriented history of hospitals with an empirical sociohistorical approach. The main topic discussed is the hospital's role in health policy as seen by German Social Democrats in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Social democratic hospital policy developed as a compromise between two extreme positions: the party theoretician's abstract ideals on the one side and the rank and file's pragmatic view on the other. Thus, the social history of the hospital can illustrate how, around the turn of the century, the political labor movement in Germany shifted from radical revolutionary aims to pragmatic social reform in everyday political practice. At the same time, the hospital underwent a fundamental social change from a charity institution to a municipal center of modern medical care. This implies that any static or one-sided interpretation of the hospital's history and sociology is inadequate: its social role constantly changes according to broader social change and different interests of social groups and organizations. As for the social history of medicine in general, modern medicine's development can not be adequately understood from the narrow perspective of medical institutions themselves. It has to be seen in the broader context of socioeconomic and sociocultural development.

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Revolutionary Law and Order: Politics and Social Change in the USSR.

Political Science Quarterly ◽

10.2307/2148528 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 560

Author(s):

Chris Osakwe ◽

Peter H. Juviler

Keyword(s):

Social Change ◽

Law And Order

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The Awka Civil War (1902–1904) and the Legal Basis for Its Resolution

Matatu ◽

10.1163/18757421-04802005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 301-308

Author(s):

Clifford Ezekwe Nwanna

Keyword(s):

Social Change ◽

Civil War ◽

Legal System ◽

Judicial System ◽

Customary Law ◽

Legal Basis ◽

Law And Order ◽

The People ◽

Customary Laws

Most Western legal philosophers did not have Africa in mind when institutionalzing the meaning of law; hence, they consider African customary law as obscure and undesirable. This Western notion of the African judicial system is misleading—there was no record of breakdown of law and order in pre-colonial Africa, where only customary laws operated. This essay examines the consequences of the imposition of the Western legal system on Africa using the Awka civil war (1900–1904) as an example. The study reveals that the African traditional legal system was broadly accepted by the people as a means of providing stability, certainty, and social change. It represents the indigenous and authentic law of the people.

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Nishio Suehiro and the Japanese Social Democratic Movement, 1920–1940

The Journal of Asian Studies ◽

10.2307/2053841 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 37-56

Author(s):

Stephen S. Large

Keyword(s):

Social Change ◽

The Other ◽

Reform Movements ◽

Value System ◽

Democratic Movement ◽

Social Democratic ◽

Central Value ◽

Socialist Movement ◽

Political Decisions ◽

Established Order

Social reformers must often make difficult political decisions as they define an ideology of change, and the strategies and tactics to be implemented on its behalf. As Peter Gay observes, “A democratic Socialist movement that attempts to transform a capitalist into a Socialist order is necessarily faced with the choice between two incompatibles—principles and power.” An emphasis on the purity of principles may help to sustain the identity of the movement. But it may also expose the movement to repression by governments that have as their policy the control of dissent, and insistence on society's conformity to the central value system they seek to protect. On the other hand, accommodation with the established order—however justifiable it may be as a means of working for social change from within the existing institutions of society—runs the risk of exposing reform movements to the danger of cooptation and absorption by that order, particularly if the reform movements are weak to begin with or if the pressures upon them to sacrifice their principles for the national good become irresistible.

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