Images of China's Social Structure: The Changing Perspectives of Canton Students

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Chan
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Popular Images ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Based on documentation and in-depth interviews with 14 emigrants from China; this study traces changing perceptions of China's social structure by different urban social groups. Each group adopted a perspective that best served its own interests. In the fifties and sixties these images did not necessarily coincide with—but nonetheless were within—the bounds of the image propagated by the Chinese authorities. During and since the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, a new perception of society has been formulated particularly by people from the former middle classes: the issue centers on whether a new bureaucratic class has emerged in China. The article closes with a discussion of the authorities' recent attempts to redefine popular images of the social structure in response to a changed social reality and China's eagerness to modernize.

Witch-hunting, Cultural Revolution and the bright side of kinship

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Deng
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Purpose Many studies on witch killings in Africa suggest that “witchcraft is the dark side of kinship.” But in Chinese history, where patriarchal clan system has been emphasized as the foundation of the society, there have been few occurrences of witch-hunting except a large-scale one in the Cultural Revolution in 1966. The purpose of this paper is to explain the above two paradoxes. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical analysis based on preference falsification problem with regard to the effect of social structure on witch-hunting is carried out. Findings There is a “bright side of kinship” due to two factors: first, it would be more difficult to pick out a person as qualitatively different in Chinese culture; second, the hierarchical trust structure embedded in the Chinese culture can help mitigate the preference falsification problem, which acts as the leverage for witch-hunting. In this sense, an important factor for the Cultural Revolution is the decline of traditional social institutions and social values after 1949. Originality/value This paper is the first to advance the two paradoxes and offer an explanation from the perspective of social structure.

“The Whirl of Life” The Social Structure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Robert Reed
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Social

This chapter explores the intricacies of the first discernible class structure that conformed to normative standards of socioeconomic status in Chicago's history. Black Chicago developed a very small but distinguishable upper class, large segments within the broad middle classes, enormous laboring classes including industrial and service sector workers, and an underclass. The members of the upper class owned and managed businesses, chose housing commensurate with their status, consumed their disposable income with conspicuous delight, engaged in civic activities, and socially acted as a group apart from other segments of their racial cohort to which they traditionally held their primary social allegiance. The middle class focused on occupation, wealth production, educational attainment, cultural interests, and character. The working-class, however, formed the bulk of black Chicago's citizenry.

Dynamics of the social structure of the Russian middle class

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Алексеенок ◽  
Anna Alekseenok ◽  
Гальцова ◽  
Anna Galtsova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article presents a study of the dynamics of the social structure of the Russian middle class. It examines the dynamics of a number of different social groups in Russia in 2003-2014, «blocking» signs for the population which is not a member of the middle class, 2003-2014, self-assessment of the dynamics of 2014 and the possible dynamics for the next year of the financial position in the last year prior the survey in the different groups of the population. Also the analysis of dynamics of value orientations of different population groups, social identity, of the ways and the main types of leisure in the middle class is held. The article compares the model of Russian social structure, built on the basis of social self-assessment of the status of the Russian people in 2014 and 2000.

scholarly journals Estetisasi Jilbab Syar’i Jama’ah Salafi: Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Imam Muslim Kota Kediri

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Prima Ayu Rizqi Mahanani ◽  
Irwan Abdullah ◽  
Ratna Noviani
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Participatory Observation

<p>Industry of fashion that get into the life of Salafi members makes shar'i hijab become aesthetics. Approximately 30% of Salafi women in Imam Muslim Islamic Boarding School Kediri have worn hijab shar’i as their preference. This article describes the aesthetic practices of shar’i hijab and the factors behind it. This study applies a qualitative approach using a case study as a research method in which it observes the social reality of shar’i hijab aesthetic practices among Salafi women at Imam Muslim Islamic Boarding School. The research analyzes the case and situation that occurred and also attempts to understand the informants’ point of view. Through literature studies, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews, the study found that the informants have been wearing two different shar’i hijab; dark colors and bright colors. The informants also combine their "gamis" in terms of its pattern consisting of ornaments and accents in different colors. The informants also prefer to wear a unique and funny, in order to make them look flexible, younger and up to date.</p>

Red service-intellectual: Phouk Chhay, Maoist China, and the Cultural Revolution in Cambodia, 1964–67

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-308
Author(s):  
Matthew Galway
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Intellectual Curiosity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Radical Culture ◽  
Maoist China ◽  
Rural Student ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

This article examines the phenomenon of Cambodian intellectual curiosity about China through the social experiences of Phouk Chhay, a prominent leftist activist-critic and Pol Pot's one-time secretary. Amid Phnom Penh's urban radical culture, Phouk transformed from rural student to Communist guerrilla. He associated with Communists, formed pro-China student associations, and through his networks, went on trips that left lasting impressions. This study draws from issues of the Cambodian-Chinese newspaper Mianhua ribao (Sino-Khmer Daily) and several forced confessions to tell a story of becoming that examines community and network in charting the course of ‘China-curiosity’ as intertwined with Phouk's life trajectory.

LAND REGISTRATION AND LOCAL SOCIETY IN QING CHINA: TAXATION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS IN MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY GUANGDONG

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-187
Author(s):  
Kentaro Matsubara
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

This paper explores the relationship between local lineage social structure and the workings of tax registration in Qing China, through a case study providing documentary evidence of a level of precision that enables us to go beyond the findings of previous scholarship. In the first instance, it reconstructs a tax dispute where implications of the registration system come into play, based on rare records made by the taxpayers themselves. In doing so, it shows that (a) the registered “acreage” of land was in fact unrelated to any actual land whatsoever; (b) tax collection ceased to be able to rely on knowledge of the terrain and had to depend on knowing the social groups that could be held responsible for payment, while the cohesion and internal differentiation of these social groups was (in turn) underpinned by tax collection and registration; and (c) since the registration system did not permit the government to keep track of actual landholding, property rights had to be secured at the local community level. In conclusion, an attempt is made to speculate on the extent to which this specific case contributes to our knowledge of local social structure, the interactions between localities and the government, and the property regime of Qing China overall.

scholarly journals Beyond the Porte de Saint-Denis: Looking inside the 10th arrondissement of Paris

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2SI) ◽  
pp. 499-520
Author(s):  
Ecem Hasırcıoğlu ◽  
Galip Emre Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Turkish Origin ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Political Refugees ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Butcher Shops

Beyond the famous Porte de Saint-Denis, there is a “multiethnic” world, the Turks, the Kurds, the Arabs, the Indians, the Pakistanis cohabit and run their business in the same economic area. Despite the multi ethnical image, that district has a common reputation: “quartier turc”. In this purpose, this paper aims to present the presence of various social groups at the 10th arrondissement of Paris, particularly those who come from Turkey. The restaurants, the barbershops, the halal butcher shops or the grocery stores, placed side by side, show the diversity of the multiple forms of their economic integration. Turkish origin individuals who live and work at the 10th district, have different backgrounds, stories and reasons to settle down in Paris. In the light of this, we argue three types of migration from Turkey: first, work migration during the late 60’s; second, political refugees due to political context in the 80’s; and third cultural radiance (rayonnement culturel), as a new model, which encourages the educational and cultural mobilization of high skilled individuals. Each type of migration is related to the different models of the French migration policies. In this respect, we think that the field research based on the in-depth interviews will help us to discover their “migrant” universe. Focusing on a specific neighbor, known as “quartier turc”, this study attempts to analyze the migration stories, and the social, economic and political integration of those Turkish origin social groups at the 10th arrondissement of Paris.

scholarly journals Wang Zhen's Role in the Recovery of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corpus (Early 1980s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
D.A. Glazunov
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Scientific Achievements ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) or Bingtuan originates to the ancient military settlements (Tuntian or Tunken) on the border territories. Their goal is to protect and develop border areas, restore and progress the economy. Tunken, regardless of historical conditions, has always been an exclusively state-owned economic system. Therefore, the XPCC, despite the fact that it originated in 1952; it is based on the long tradition of its historical predecessors. At the same time, during the Soviet period, Tunken absorbed communist ideals, the experience of Soviet state farms, scientific achievements in the social and national building and military defense. In the subsequent period, in the Cultural Revolution, Bingt^n fell into disrepair and was liquidated. A new stage in the history of the Xinjiang Corps came with the beginning of the era of reform and opening. But all over china, the time of Bingtuan has come to an end: many state-owned enterprises and state farms associated with the development of border territories have totally transformed into independent economic units focused on the market. Thanks to the activities of Wang Zhen, who was well aware of the social realities of the region, an exception was made for Xinjiang, in which Bingtuan was restored in the early 1980s. The paper examines Wang Zhen's role in the revival of the XPCC, the reasons that influenced his position.

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